ReviewAmerican journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology2024
Differences in cardiac adaptation to exercise in male and female athletes assessed by noninvasive techniques: a state-of-the-art review.
Review in American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- Breathing technique-dependent acute cardiopulmonary responses during squats in healthy females.Physiological reports · 2026Trial
- Exercise-specific epigenetic effects on cardiovascular health.Clinical epigenetics · 2026Review
- Classification of "Athlete's Heart" using machine learning of conventional 12-lead ECG: male elite 3,000-m runner data in the CHIEF study.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2026Article
- Electrocardiographic Profiles by sex in a cohort of healthy Vietnamese university students.American heart journal plus : cardiology research and practice · 2025Article
- Plasma cardiovascular stress biomarkers response to marathon running.Sports medicine and health science · 2025Article
- Adaptive Changes in Endurance Athletes: A Review of Molecular, Echocardiographic and Electrocardiographic Findings.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- From moderate to strenuous training: unravelling mechanistic contributors and biomarkers for atrial fibrillation in exercise.Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology · 2025Article
- Association between muscle strength gains and biventricular cardiac remodeling in response to high-intensity resistance training in healthy untrained males: a longitudinal study.BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation · 2025Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Athlete's heart is generally regarded as a physiological adaptation to regular training, with specific morphological and functional alterations in the cardiovascular system. Development of the noninvasive imaging techniques over the past several years enabled better assessment of cardiac remodeling in athletes, which may eventually mimic certain pathological conditions with the potential for sudden cardiac death, or disease progression. The current literature provides a compelling overview of the available methods that target the interrelation of prolonged exercise with cardiac structure and function. However, this data stems from scientific studies that included mostly male athletes. Despite the growing participation of females in competitive sport meetings, little is known about the long-term cardiac effects of repetitive training in this population. There are several factors-biochemical, physiological and psychological, that determine sex-dependent cardiac response. Herein, the aim of this review was to compare cardiac adaptation to endurance exercise in male and female athletes with the use of electrocardiographic, echocardiographic, and biochemical examination, to determine the sex-specific phenotypes, and to improve the healthcare providers' awareness of cardiac remodeling in athletes. Finally, we discuss the possible exercise-induced alternations that should arouse suspicion of pathology and be further evaluated.
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Registered trials
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