ArticlePeerJ2024
Hormonal and psychological influences on performance anxiety in adolescent female volleyball players: a multi-approach study.
Article in PeerJ, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 4 citations in OpenAlex.
- Object-Control Skills and Cortisol Response During Physical Education Lessons in Primary School Children.The Journal of school health · 2026Article
- Competitive Stress Elicits Distinct Psychophysiological and Immunological Responses in Sub-Elite Water Polo Players.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Molecular Protein Interactions and Predictive Pathways as Biomarkers for Enhancing Volleyball Performance: A Narrative Review.Biomarker insights · 2026Review
- Acute psychological responses to official match outcomes in male youth volleyball: an observational repeated-measures study within a single national-level team.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- The effect of time of day and menstrual cycle on physical performance and psychological responses in elite female Tunisian volleyball players.BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: The neuroendocrine system has important implications for affiliation behavior among humans and can be used to assess the correlation between social relationships, stress, and health. This can be influenced by social closeness; this aspect is the closeness towards another individual or a group of individuals such as a sports team. Sports performance anxiety is considered an unpleasant emotional reaction composed of physiological, cognitive, affective, and behavioral components. This motivates us to learn about the process that can influence the outcome of competition. Hormones and genetics would seem to influence outcome and performance. In this regard, many studies have focused on the exercise response as a function of ovarian hormones and it has been observed that progesterone is a hormone that plays a key role in reducing anxiety, and thus stress, in humans and other animals. On the other hand, high cortisol concentrations are known to contribute to increased anxiety levels. However, the salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) enzyme has been suggested as marker of acute stress than cortisol. Genetics also seem to influence anxiety and stress management as in the case of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and striatal dopamine transporter (DAT). Therefore, the study aims to investigate social closeness, as a measure of sports team cohesion that can influence athletes' performance results, and its ability to influence the secretion of hormones, such as progesterone and cortisol, that affect the management of sports anxiety while also taking into account genetic background during a volleyball match. Methods: Twenty-six female volleyball players who volunteered participated in this study (mean ± SD: age, 12.07 ± 0.7 years), and played in the final of the provincial volleyball championship in Palermo. All girls were during the ovarian cycle, in detail between the follicular and early ovulatory phases. Results: The results showed a significant decrease in salivary cortisol only in the winning group ( Conclusion: Analyzing the results of the SAS-2 psychological test it is highlighted that, on average, the loser group was more anxious than the winning group, and this contributed to the final result. In conclusion, there is strong evidence supporting the state of the art that many factors can affect performance anxiety and thus the performance itself.
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