ReviewMaterials today. Bio2024
Biomedical applications of stimuli-responsive "smart" interpenetrating polymer network hydrogels.
Review in Materials today. Bio, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers.
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Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed.
- Engineering alginate hydrogels loaded with resveratrol as a dual platform for cancer therapy and wound regeneration.Discover nano · 2026Review
- Stimuli-Responsive Biopolymer Carboxymethyl Tamarind-Based Hydrogel Composite Impregnated With IONPs for Sustained Administration of Levofloxacin.Chemistry, an Asian journal · 2026Article
- Structure-Function Engineering of Hydrogel-MOF Polymer Composites for Regenerative Wound Dressings with Emerging Antiviral Biointerface Functions.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Application of hydrogels in 3D tumor microenvironment modeling and drug screening for cervical cancer: A review.Bioengineering & translational medicine · 2026Review
- Biomedical Hydrogels Based on Natural Polysaccharides: Structural Design.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Spontaneous Non-Catalyzed Molecular Reactions and Interactions in the Human Body: Biomedical Implications.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- The Potential and Prospects of Hydrogel Applications in Traumatic Brain Injury Treatment.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Review
- Innovative advances and future perspectives in injectable hydrogels for wound healing: a comprehensive review.Biomedical engineering online · 2026Review
- Article
- Hydrogels-Advanced Polymer Platforms for Drug Delivery.Polymers · 2026Review
- Harnessing Phase Separation for the Development of High-Performance Hydrogels.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Advances in New Alloys, Polymers and Composites for Biomedical Applications.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Smart biomaterials for cardiovascular, bone, and skin tissue engineering: mechanisms, applications, and future prospects.Journal of biological engineering · 2026Review
- Article
- Antibacterial hydrogels for skin infected wounds: frontier approaches as antibiotic alternatives therapy.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- Pathology-guided design of injectable hydrogels for precision therapy and cartilage regeneration in osteoarthritis.Regenerative biomaterials · 2026Review
- A review on thermoresponsive PNIPAM hydrogels for regenerative medicine: from mechanical design to tissue adhesion.Regenerative biomaterials · 2026Review
- Artificial intelligence-assisted smart hydrogel bioinks in 3D bioprinting: design, optimization, and construct validation for functional tissue engineering.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026Review
- Recent advances in polymer-based drug delivery systems for atopic dermatitis: enhancing therapeutic efficacy and outcomes.Materials today. Bio · 2025Review
- Smart Hydrogels in Wearable Electronics for Wound Treatments.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In recent years, owing to the ongoing advancements in polymer materials, hydrogels have found increasing applications in the biomedical domain, notably in the realm of stimuli-responsive "smart" hydrogels. Nonetheless, conventional single-network stimuli-responsive "smart" hydrogels frequently exhibit deficiencies, including low mechanical strength, limited biocompatibility, and extended response times. In response, researchers have addressed these challenges by introducing a second network to create stimuli-responsive "smart" Interpenetrating Polymer Network (IPN) hydrogels. The mechanical strength of the material can be significantly improved due to the topological entanglement and physical interactions within the interpenetrating structure. Simultaneously, combining different network structures enhances the biocompatibility and stimulus responsiveness of the gel, endowing it with unique properties such as cell adhesion, conductivity, hemostasis/antioxidation, and color-changing capabilities. This article primarily aims to elucidate the stimulus-inducing factors in stimuli-responsive "smart" IPN hydrogels, the impact of the gels on cell behaviors and their biomedical application range. Additionally, we also offer an in-depth exposition of their categorization, mechanisms, performance characteristics, and related aspects. This review furnishes a comprehensive assessment and outlook for the advancement of stimuli-responsive "smart" IPN hydrogels within the biomedical arena. We believe that, as the biomedical field increasingly demands novel materials featuring improved mechanical properties, robust biocompatibility, and heightened stimulus responsiveness, stimuli-responsive "smart" IPN hydrogels will hold substantial promise for wide-ranging applications in this domain.
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