ReviewThe Korean journal of gastroenterology = Taehan Sohwagi Hakhoe chi2024
Diagnosis and Management of Hepatic Hydrothorax.
Review in The Korean journal of gastroenterology = Taehan Sohwagi Hakhoe chi, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- [Thoracoscopic diaphragmatic plication technique in a patient with refractory hepatic hydrothorax].Revista medica del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social · 2026Article
- Pulmonary Complications in Cirrhosis: Current Concepts and Clinical Perspectives.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- KASL clinical practice guidelines for liver cirrhosis: Ascites and related complications 2026.Clinical and molecular hepatology · 2026Article
- A Rare Presentation of Right-Sided Pleural Effusion in Decompensated Chronic Liver Disease Secondary to Hepatitis C Infection: A Case Report.Clinical case reports · 2026Article
- Symptomatic pleural effusion in adult liver transplant candidates: prevalence, disease severity and post-transplant mortality.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2025Article
- Hepatic hydrothorax in the absence of ascites with mixed bacterial and fungal infection: a case report.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Effective Management of Refractory Hepatic Hydrothorax With Hypertonic Glucose Pleurodesis.Cureus · 2025Article
- Left-Sided Hepatic Hydrothorax in Cryptogenic Liver Cirrhosis With Portal Hypertension: A Case Report.Cureus · 2025Article
- The Impact of Hepatic Hydrothorax on the Outcome of Liver Cirrhosis: A Comparative Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Application of methylene blue injection staining in the diagnosis of hepatic pleural effusion in patients with cirrhosis-a case report and literature review.AME case reports · 2025Article
- Octreotide infusion as a treatment for hepatic hydrothorax in a hospital-at-home program: case report from Mayo Clinic.Therapeutic advances in gastroenterology · 2025Article
- Hepatic Hydrothorax: A Comprehensive Approach to Diagnosis and Management.GE Portuguese journal of gastroenterologyReview
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Hepatic hydrothorax is a pleural effusion (typically ≥500 mL) that develops in patients with cirrhosis and/or portal hypertension in the absence of other causes. In most cases, hepatic hydrothorax is seen in patients with ascites. However, ascites is not always found at diagnosis and is not clinically detected in 20% of patients with hepatic hydrothorax. Some patients have no symptoms and incidental findings on radiologic examination lead to the diagnosis of the condition. In the majority of cases, the patients present with symptoms such as dyspnea at rest, cough, nausea, and pleuritic chest pain. The diagnosis of hepatic hydrothorax is based on clinical manifestations, radiological features, and thoracocentesis to exclude other etiologies such as infection (parapneumonic effusion, tuberculosis), malignancy (lymphoma, adenocarcinoma) and chylothorax. The management strategy involves a stepwise approach of one or more of the following: Reducing ascitic fluid production, preventing fluid transfer to the pleural space, fluid drainage from the pleural cavity, pleurodesis (obliteration of the pleural cavity), and liver transplantation. The complications of hepatic hydrothorax are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The complication that causes the highest morbidity and mortality is spontaneous bacterial empyema (also called spontaneous bacterial pleuritis).
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