Anti-PF4 antibodies and their relationship with COVID infection.

Chieh Yang, Irene Wang, Akshit Chitkara, Jibin Swankutty, Rushin Patel, Samir V Kubba

Abstract readReview

In one paragraph

Review in Hematology, transfusion and cell therapy. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

1citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

Case Report: Confirmed and suspected heparin-induced thrombocytopenia during therapeutic plasma exchange in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder: a single-centre case series.Frontiers in immunology · 2026
Article

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Chieh YangSchool of Medicine, University of California Riverside, USA.

Irene WangSchool of Medicine, University of California Riverside, USA.

Akshit ChitkaraSchool of Medicine, University of California Riverside, USA.

Jibin SwankuttySchool of Medicine, University of California Riverside, USA.

Rushin PatelCommunity hospital of San Bernardino, CA, USA.

Samir V KubbaSchool of Medicine, University of California Riverside, USA. Electronic address: svkubba@gmail.com.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Detecting anti-PF4 antibodies remains the golden diagnostic method for heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) diagnosis with high sensitivity and specificity. Various lab tests detect anti-PF4 antibodies, including immunoassays and functional assays. Even with positive detection of the anti-PF4 antibody, several factors are involved in the result. The concept of anti-PF4 disorders was recently brought to light during the COVID pandemic since the development of vaccine-induced thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) with the adenovirus-vectored-DNA vaccine during the pandemic. Circumstances that detect anti-PF4 antibodies are classified as anti-PF4 disorders, including VITT, autoimmune HIT and spontaneous HIT. Some studies showed a higher percentage of anti-PF4 antibody detection among the population infected by COVID-19 without heparin exposure and some supported the theory that the anti-PF4 antibodies were related to the disease severity. In this review article, we provide a brief review of anti-PF4 disorders and summarize the current studies of anti-PF4 antibodies and COVID-19 infection.

Indexed as

Anti-platelet factor 4 antibodiesCOVID-19Heparin-induced thrombocytopeniaSARS-CoV-2Vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia

Identifiers

PMID38388299

DOI10.1016/j.htct.2023.11.012

PMCPMC11451382

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.