ArticleVaccine2024
Mortality risk after COVID-19 vaccination: A self-controlled case series study.
Article in Vaccine, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Assessing the Risk of Myocarditis Post-COVID-19 Vaccination: A Systematic Review of Case Reports from 2023 to 2025.Cardiovascular toxicology · 2026Pooled it
- Safety of COVID-19 mRNA-1273 booster doses in Asian populations: A literature review of post-marketing observational studies.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Review
- Association between COVID-19 vaccination and sudden death in apparently healthy younger individuals: A population-based case-control study.PLoS medicine · 2026Article
- Statistical Methods for Multi-jurisdictional Australian Vaccine Safety Investigations of Rare Adverse Events.Drug safety · 2026Article
- COVID-19 vaccination and short-term mortality risk: a nationwide self-controlled case series study in The Netherlands.European journal of epidemiology · 2026Article
- Updated profiling of COVID-19 vaccine adverse events using VAERS case reports.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- COVID-19 mRNA vaccination and all-cause mortality in the adult population in Norway during 2021-2023: a population-based cohort study.BMJ public health · 2026Article
- COVID-19 Vaccine Effectiveness Against Mortality in the Omicron Period: Evidence from Linked Mortality and Vaccination Records.Vaccines · 2025Article
- COVID-19 mRNA Vaccination and 4-Year All-Cause Mortality Among Adults Aged 18 to 59 Years in France.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Tinnitus risk after COVID-19 XBB.1.5 vaccination: A self-controlled case series study.Vaccine · 2025Article
- The Mirror of Erised: a retrospective population-wide study of Czech all-cause mortality data by COVID-19 vaccination status.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Investigating the association between major dietary patterns and disease outcomes in diabetic and non-diabetic patients with COVID-19: a cross-sectional study.Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders · 2025Article
- Comparative Analysis of COVID-19 Severity and Mortality Among Vaccinated and Unvaccinated Individuals During the Delta Variant Surge in a Tertiary Care Center: A Cohort Study.Health science reports · 2025Article
- Ischemic Stroke After Bivalent COVID-19 Vaccination: Self-Controlled Case Series Study.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
19 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAlthough previous studies found no-increased mortality risk after COVID-19 vaccination, residual confounding bias might have impacted the findings. Using a modified self-controlled case series (SCCS) design, we assessed the risk of non-COVID-19 mortality, all-cause mortality, and four cardiac-related death outcomes after primary series COVID-19 vaccination.
methodsWe analyzed all deaths between December 14, 2020, and August 11, 2021, among individuals from eight Vaccine Safety Datalink sites. Demographic characteristics of deaths in recipients of COVID-19 vaccines and unvaccinated individuals were reported. We conducted SCCS analyses by vaccine type and death outcomes and reported relative incidences (RI). The observation period for death spanned from the dates of emergency use authorization to the end of the study period (August 11, 2021) without censoring the observation period upon death. We pre-specified a primary risk interval of 28-day and a secondary risk interval of 14-day after each vaccination dose. Adjusting for seasonality in mortality analyses is crucial because death rates vary over time. Deaths among unvaccinated individuals were included in SCCS analyses to account for seasonality by incorporating calendar month in the models.
resultsFor Pfizer-BioNTech (BNT162b2), RIs of non-COVID-19 mortality, all-cause mortality, and four cardiac-related death outcomes were below 1 and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) excluded 1 across both doses and both risk intervals. For Moderna (mRNA-1273), RI point estimates of all outcomes were below 1, although the 95 % CIs of two RI estimates included 1: cardiac-related (RI = 0.78, 95 % CI, 0.58-1.04) and non-COVID-19 cardiac-related mortality (RI = 0.80, 95 % CI, 0.60-1.08) 14 days after the second dose in individuals without pre-existing cancer and heart disease. For Janssen (Ad26.COV2.S), RIs of four cardiac-related death outcomes ranged from 0.94 to 0.98 for the 14-day risk interval, and 0.68 to 0.72 for the 28-day risk interval and 95 % CIs included 1.
conclusionUsing a modified SCCS design and adjusting for temporal trends, no-increased risk was found for non-COVID-19 mortality, all-cause mortality, and four cardiac-related death outcomes among recipients of the three COVID-19 vaccines used in the US.
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