ArticleGut pathogens2024
Timing and clinical risk factors for early acquisition of gut pathogen colonization with multidrug resistant organisms in the intensive care unit.
Article in Gut pathogens, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Gut Colonization With Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus Shapes the Gut Microbiome in the Intensive Care Unit.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Trial
- A phase 2 randomized, placebo-controlled trial of inulin for the prevention of gut pathogen colonization and infection among patients admitted to the intensive care unit for sepsis.Critical care (London, England) · 2025Trial
- Gram-negative gut colonization in children newly diagnosed with malignancy: microbiology, antimicrobial resistance pattern, and clinical implications.Gut pathogens · 2026Article
- Colonization with Carbapenemase producing Enterobacterales (CPE) and associated alteration in microbiota composition in a tertiary care hospital in Egypt.BMC microbiology · 2026Article
- Incidence, risk factors and clinical outcome of multidrug-resistant organisms after heart transplantation.World journal of transplantation · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundMicrobiome restitution therapies are being developed to prevent gut pathogen colonization among patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) and in other select populations. If preventive therapies are to be effective, they must be administered prior to pathogen acquisition. The timing and risk factors for early acquisition of gut pathogen colonization (within 72 h) are currently unknown and could be helpful to guide ICU trial design.
methodsThis was a prospective cohort study. Patients in the ICU had deep rectal swabs performed within 4 h of ICU admission and exactly 72 h later. Early gut pathogen colonization was classified as the new presence (based on culture of rectal swabs) of one or more of the following organisms of interest: methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), vancomycin-resistant (VRE), and Gram-negative bacteria that showed multidrug resistance (MDR) or third generation Cephalosporin resistance (Ceph-R). Clinical risk factors for early acquisition of gut pathogen colonization were captured using the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation IV (APACHE IV) scoring system.
findingsAmong 131 patients who were swabbed at ICU admission and 72 h later, the rates of gut pathogen colonization at ICU admission were 11.4%, 10.6%, 38.6%, and 8.3% for MRSA, VRE, MDR and Ceph-R Gram-negatives respectively. Among the patients who were negative for a given pathogen at ICU admission, the rates of early acquisition of gut pathogen colonization were 7.8% for MRSA (95% CI 3.6 to 14.2%), 7.7% for VRE (95% CI 3.6 to 14.1%), 11.3% for MDR Gram-negatives (95% CI 4.4 to 18.8%), and 4.2% for Ceph-R Gram-negatives (95% CI 1.4 to 9.5%). There were no clinical risk factors which independently predicted early acquisition of gut pathogen colonization.
interpretationEarly gut pathogen colonization was common in the ICU, but our single-center study could not identify any clinical risk factors which were significantly associated with acquisition of gut pathogens.
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