ArticleBMC cancer2024
Prevalence of genital high-risk human papillomavirus infections and associated factors among women living with human immunodeficiency virus in Uganda.
Article in BMC cancer, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- The impact of HPV/HIV co-infection on immunosuppression, HPV genotype, and cervical cancer biomarkers.BMC cancer · 2025Pooled it
- Epidemiology of human papillomavirus among women living with HIV in rural Uganda: a retrospective cohort study.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Advancing the elimination of cervical cancer across Africa.Nature communications · 2026Review
- Article
- Prevalence, high-risk HPV type profile, and factors associated with high-risk HPV infection among women living with HIV in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Increased proportion of "other hrHPV" genotypes other than 16 and 18/45 among women attending ART clinic in Northern Uganda.Gynecologic oncology reports · 2025Article
- Molecular epidemiology of high-risk human papillomavirus infection and its predictive factors among women living with HIV in Northeast Ethiopia: a facility-based cross-sectional study.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Cervical HPV 18 detection is associated with high-grade cervical dysplasia in Kenyan and Ugandan women living with HIV.Gynecologic oncology reports · 2025Article
- Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Human Papillomavirus Prevalence and Genotypic Disparities Among Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Positive Women in Africa.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- High Concordance between Vaginal Samples and Cervical Samples of Human Papillomavirus in Women Living with HIV in Rwanda.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Prevalence, genotyping and phylogenetic analysis of HPV infecting Palestinian women.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundWomen living with HIV are at risk for cervical dysplasia and cancer worldwide. In 2015, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended that testing for high-risk HPV (hrHPV) infection be incorporated into cervical cancer screening programs using molecular nucleic acid tests (NATs) but this has not previously been done in Uganda. The country's coverage for Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) screening remains low at less than 10% for women aged 25-49 years. This study determined the genital prevalence of hrHPV infection and the associated factors among women living with HIV in Uganda.
methodsA descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 15 selected health facilities among participants who were on Antiretroviral therapy (ART). Participants who consented to participate were instructed on how to collect their own high vaginal swabs using a cervical brush for HPV molecular testing (HPV DNA or HPV RNA) and their demographics data was collected using a standard questionnaire. Laboratory diagnosis for HPV molecular testing was done using Gene xpert machines and Hologic Aptima Machine. Modified Poisson regression analysis was conducted to determine the associated factors.
resultsThis study involved 5856 HIV positive participants on ART. A total of 2006 out of 5856 (34.3%) participants had high risk HPV infections. HPV infections by genotypes were: HPV16 317(15.8%), HPV 18/45 308 (15.4%) and other high-risk HPV 1381 (68.8%). The independent factors associated with all hrHPV were parity, education level, having more than one partner, and engaging in early sex. Smoking was associated with HPV 16, HPV 18/45 and other hrHPV. Age was associated with all hrHPV, marital status with HPV 16, and occupation with HPV 16.
conclusionsThe prevalence of genital high-risk HPV infections among HIV positive women attending ART clinics in public facilities in Uganda was high. Other hrHPV genotype was the commonest compared to 18/45 and HPV 16. The integration of cervical cancer screening in ART programmes remains paramount to support the early detection of cervical cancer and Non-invasive self-collected urine and vaginal sampling for cervical cancer screening present an opportunity.
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