ArticleThe journal of headache and pain2024
Postdromal symptoms in migraine: a REFORM study.
Article in The journal of headache and pain, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Dopaminergic Dysregulation in Migraine: From Hypothalamic A11 Dysfunction to a Systemic Biobehavioral Phenotype.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Triggers, prodrome, aura, and headache interactions in migraine with typical aura: a prospective deep-phenotyping study.The journal of headache and pain · 2026Observational
- Unveiling new insights into migraine risk stratification using machine learning models of adjustable risk factors.The journal of headache and pain · 2025Article
- Hallmarks of primary headache: part 1 - migraine.The journal of headache and pain · 2024Review
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundMigraine is a multiphasic neurovascular disorder, where headache can be succeeded by postdromal symptoms. However, there are limited research on postdromal symptoms. This study aimed to investigate the proportion of individuals with migraine from a tertiary care unit reporting postdromal symptoms in adherence with the ICHD-3 definition. We also aimed to examine how the means of enquiry might influence the estimated proportions. Additionally, we explored whether any clinical features might affect the likelihood of reporting postdromal symptoms. Finally, we assessed to what extend the postdromal symptoms might impact the disease burden.
methodsIn a cross-sectional study, we enrolled adult participants diagnosed with migraine who were asked to report their postdromal symptoms (i.e., unprompted reporting). Subsequently, a 16-item list was used to further ascertain the occurrence of postdromal symptoms (i.e., prompted reporting). Clinical characteristics were obtained through a semi-structured interview. Moreover, electronic questionnaires were used to assess the disease burden, i.e., the Six-Item Headache Impact Test (HIT-6), Migraine Disability Assessment (MIDAS), and the World Health Organization Disability Assessment 2.0 (WHODAS 2.0).
resultsAmong 631 participants with migraine, a higher proportion experienced at least one postdromal symptom when prompted (n = 509 [80.7%]) compared with unprompted reporting (n = 421 [66.7%], P < 0.001). Furthermore, the total number of postdromal symptoms experienced was greater with prompted than unprompted reporting (medians 3 [IQR 1 - 6] versus 1 [IQR 0 - 2]; P < 0.001). Furthermore, the likelihood of reporting postdromal symptoms increased with the presence of premonitory symptoms and decreased with higher number of monthly migraine days. Weak correlations were identified between the number of postdromal symptoms reported and both HIT-6 (ρ = 0.14; P < 0.001) and WHODAS scores (ρ = 0.15; P < 0.001), whilst no correlation was observed with MIDAS score (ρ = 0.08; P = 0.054).
conclusionsPostdromal symptoms are prevalent in individuals with migraine from a tertiary care unit. However, reported estimates warrant cautious interpretation as they depend on the means of enquiry, presence of premonitory symptoms, and frequency of monthly migraine days. Moreover, a weak correlation was identified between the number of postdromal symptoms and both HIT-6 and WHODAS scores, indicating only a marginal influence on the disease burden.
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