ArticleJournal of the American College of Cardiology2024
Sex Differences in Association of Physical Activity With All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality.
Article in Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 140 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
140 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 187 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence of meeting 24-hour movement guidelines in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC public health · 2025Pooled it
- Effects of different exercise modalities on blood pressure and endothelial function in prehypertension individuals: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Physical activity and risk of Parkinson's disease: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of neurology · 2024Pooled it
- Pre-workout multi-ingredients or carbohydrate alone promote similar resistance training outcomes in middle-aged adults: a double-blind, randomized controlled trial.Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2025Trial
- Sex Differences in Efficacy of Multidomain Rehabilitation Among Older Adults With Acute HF: The REHAB-HF Trial.JACC. Heart failure · 2025Trial
- Trial
- Tidying up white matter: Neuroplastic transformations in sensorimotor tracts following slackline skill acquisition.Human brain mapping · 2024Trial
- Motives matter: A smartphone EMA study on the association between motives to exercise, exercise engagement and mood.British journal of health psychology · 2026Article
- Joint associations of diet quality and physical activity with healthcare utilization among adults in South Korea: a cross-sectional study, 2014-2021.Preventive medicine reports · 2026Article
- Modeling the Exposome in Murine Cardiovascular Disease.JACC. Basic to translational science · 2026Review
- Hobby engagement and hypertension risk: evidence from two large prospective cohorts.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Association Between External Training and Self-Reported Competence Improvement Among County Hospital Healthcare Providers: A Cross-Sectional Study from China.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Role of a Heart Center for Women in the Prevention and Diagnosis of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease in Women.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2026Review
- Physical Activity, Cardiometabolic Health, and Functional Performance Across the Adult Lifespan: An Age-Stratified Real-World Primary Care Study.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- 24-hour movement behaviors patterns and their influencing factors in patients with coronary heart disease: a latent profile analysis.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2026Article
- The Effects of Occupational and Leisure Time Physical Activity on Health-Related Quality of Life: A Repeated-Measures Longitudinal Study.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Article
- Sex-Specific Associations Between Physical Activity, LDL Cholesterol, and Functional Performance in a Real-World Primary Care Population: A Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology · 2026Article
- Cardiovascular disease in women: traditional and sex-specific risk factors.European heart journal · 2026Review
- The impact of knee osteoarthritis on cardiovascular disease mortality: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Osteoarthritis and cartilage open · 2026Review
- The global burden of non-communicable diseases attributable to behavioral risk factors and its trends from 1990 to 2021.Journal of advanced research · 2026Article
80 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAlthough physical activity is widely recommended for reducing cardiovascular and all-cause mortality risks, female individuals consistently lag behind male individuals in exercise engagement.
objectivesThe goal of this study was to evaluate whether physical activity derived health benefits may differ by sex.
methodsIn a prospective study of 412,413 U.S. adults (55% female, age 44 ± 17 years) who provided survey data on leisure-time physical activity, we examined sex-specific multivariable-adjusted associations of physical activity measures (frequency, duration, intensity, type) with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality from 1997 through 2019.
resultsDuring 4,911,178 person-years of follow-up, there were 39,935 all-cause deaths including 11,670 cardiovascular deaths. Regular leisure-time physical activity compared with inactivity was associated with 24% (HR: 0.76; 95% CI: 0.73-0.80) and 15% (HR: 0.85; 95% CI: 0.82-0.89) lower risk of all-cause mortality in women and men, respectively (Wald F = 12.0, sex interaction P < 0.001). Men reached their maximal survival benefit of HR 0.81 from 300 min/wk of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, whereas women achieved similar benefit at 140 min/wk and then continued to reach a maximum survival benefit of HR 0.76 also at ∼300 min/wk. Sex-specific findings were similar for cardiovascular death (Wald F = 20.1, sex interaction P < 0.001) and consistent across all measures of aerobic activity as well as muscle strengthening activity (Wald F = 6.7, sex interaction P = 0.009).
conclusionsWomen compared with men derived greater gains in all-cause and cardiovascular mortality risk reduction from equivalent doses of leisure-time physical activity. These findings could enhance efforts to close the "gender gap" by motivating especially women to engage in any regular leisure-time physical activity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.