ArticleScience advances2024
Spontaneous, persistent, T cell-dependent IFN-γ release in patients who progress to Long Covid.
Article in Science advances, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 66 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
66 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 83 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evidence on the associations and safety of COVID-19 vaccination and post COVID-19 condition: an updated living systematic review.Epidemiology and infection · 2025Pooled it
- A systematic review of the evidence on the associations and safety of COVID-19 vaccination and post COVID-19 condition.Epidemiology and infection · 2023Pooled it
- Plasma exchange therapy for the post COVID-19 condition: a phase II, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial.Nature communications · 2025Trial
- The effects of IFNγ on tissue physiology through structural cells.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2026Review
- Thrombotic risk trajectories in patients with coronary artery disease before and during COVID-19.iScience · 2026Article
- Low serum selenium combined with SELENOP-autoantibodies are associated with persistent fatigue after SARS-CoV-2 infection.Redox biology · 2026Article
- Cellular Metabolic Signatures of Long COVID-19.Infectious disease reports · 2026Article
- Transfer of IgG from long COVID patients induces symptomology in mice.Cell reports. Medicine · 2026Article
- Immune dysregulation in prolonged Long-COVID: lymphocytes emerge as key mediators of persistent inflammation, exhaustion and cytotoxicity.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- The effect of pre-existing sleep disturbance on T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 variants, pro-inflammatory and pro-resolving mediators, and glucocorticoid sensitivity in Long COVID.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Lytic IFNγ is stored in cytotoxic granules and coreleased with granzyme B to mediate cytotoxic T lymphocyte killing.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2026Article
- Quinolinic acid as trigger/biomarker of dysosmia/dysgeusia in patients with acute coronavirus disease 2019: A retrospective case-control study.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Article
- Host Responses to SARS-CoV-2 with an Emphasis on Cytokines.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Longitudinal trajectories of hematological indices and serum metalloproteinases-2 and 9 over 1 year after moderate and severe COVID-19.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- REGENECYTE cord blood cell therapy in post-COVID syndrome: a phase IIa randomized, placebo-controlled trial.EClinicalMedicine · 2026Article
- Dysregulated NK-cell gene expression defines the enduring symptoms of long COVID-19.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Viral diversity influences T-cell responses to enteric human adenoviruses F40 and F41.Virus evolution · 2026Article
- A perfect storm: the immunological and pathophysiological landscape of pediatric post-COVID-19 condition.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- The "two-hit" storm: a hyper-inflammatory endotype in pediatric long COVID and its role in the severity of secondary bacterial pneumonia-a mechanistic review and clinical implications.Frontiers in public health · 2026Review
- Robust antibody and T cell responses tracked longitudinally in patients with long COVID.The Journal of general virology · 2025Article
6 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
After acute infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), a proportion of patients experience persistent symptoms beyond 12 weeks, termed Long Covid. Understanding the mechanisms that cause this debilitating disease and identifying biomarkers for diagnostic, therapeutic, and monitoring purposes are urgently required. We detected persistently high levels of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with Long Covid using highly sensitive FluoroSpot assays. This IFN-γ release was seen in the absence of ex vivo peptide stimulation and remains persistently elevated in patients with Long Covid, unlike the resolution seen in patients recovering from acute SARS-CoV-2 infection. The IFN-γ release was CD8
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.