ReviewFrontiers in immunology2024
Mechanisms underlying immunosuppression by regulatory cells.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 101 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
101 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 103 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Research trends and topics on sepsis immunosuppression: a bibliometric and visual analysis of global research from 2004 to 2024.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Pooled it
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- Novel approaches to modulate CAR-T cell function by targeting the tumor microenvironment in ovarian cancer.Journal of ovarian research · 2026Review
- Beyond PD-1/PD-L1: Reprogramming the Gynecologic Tumor Microenvironment by Targeting TIGIT and Myeloid Suppression.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Glycobiology-driven therapeutic targeting of glycan-binding proteins: mechanisms, diseases, and clinical translation.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- The Role of the Mylohyoid Line in the Spread of Mandibular Odontogenic Deep Neck Infection.Oral diseases · 2026Article
- Integrated mechanisms and clinical relevance of exercise driven remodeling of the tumor immune microenvironment.Translational oncology · 2026Review
- Integrating network pharmacology with ex-vivo analysis to assess the effect of IL-2 in halting breast cancer: involvement of Treg/CTLA-4/Blimp-1/caspase-3.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- A Study of the Direct Effect of Pegylated Graphene Oxide Nanoparticles and Fullerenol CNanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
41 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Regulatory cells, such as regulatory T cells (Tregs), regulatory B cells (Bregs), and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), play a crucial role in preserving immune tolerance and controlling immune responses during infections to prevent excessive immune activation. However, pathogens have developed strategies to hijack these regulatory cells to decrease the overall effectiveness of the immune response and persist within the host. Consequently, therapeutic targeting of these immunosuppressive mechanisms during infection can reinvigorate the immune response and improve the infection outcome. The suppressive mechanisms of regulatory cells are not only numerous but also redundant, reflecting the complexity of the regulatory network in modulating the immune responses. The context of the immune response, such as the type of pathogen or tissue involved, further influences the regulatory mechanisms involved. Examples of these immunosuppressive mechanisms include the production of inhibitory cytokines such as interleukin 10 (IL-10) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) that inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and dampen the activation and proliferation of effector T cells. In addition, regulatory cells utilize inhibitory receptors like cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) to engage with their respective effector cells, thereby suppressing their function. An alternative approach involves the modulation of metabolic reprogramming in effector immune cells to limit their activation and proliferation. In this review, we provide an overview of the major mechanisms mediating the immunosuppressive effect of the different regulatory cell subsets in the context of infection.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.