Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38380247›Full record

ArticleiScience2024

Tubule system of earliest shells as a defense against increasing microbial attacks.

Luoyang Li, Timothy P Topper, Marissa J Betts, Gundsambuu Altanshagai, Batktuyag Enkhbaatar, Guoxiang Li, Sanzhong Li, Christian B Skovsted, Linhao Cui, Xingliang Zhang

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in iScience, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
1.7field-weighted citation impact, top 18% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed, 5 citations in OpenAlex.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors at 5 institutions in 4 countries.

Luoyang LiFrontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Key Lab of Submarine Geosciences and Prospecting Techniques, Ministry of Education and College of Marine Geosciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
Timothy P TopperShaanxi Key Laboratory of Early Life and Environments, State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics and Department of Geology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.
Marissa J BettsShaanxi Key Laboratory of Early Life and Environments, State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics and Department of Geology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.
Gundsambuu AltanshagaiInstitute of Paleontology, Mongolian Academy of Sciences, Ulaanbaatar 15160, Mongolia.
Batktuyag EnkhbaatarInstitute of Paleontology, Mongolian Academy of Sciences, Ulaanbaatar 15160, Mongolia.
Guoxiang LiState Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
Sanzhong LiFrontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Key Lab of Submarine Geosciences and Prospecting Techniques, Ministry of Education and College of Marine Geosciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
Christian B SkovstedDepartment of Palaeobiology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Box 50007, 104 05 Stockholm, Sweden.
Linhao CuiShaanxi Key Laboratory of Early Life and Environments, State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics and Department of Geology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.
Xingliang ZhangShaanxi Key Laboratory of Early Life and Environments, State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics and Department of Geology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.
Chinese Academy of Sciences · CNMongolian Academy of Sciences · MNNorthwest University · CNQingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology · CNSwedish Museum of Natural History · SE

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The evolutionary mechanism behind the early Cambrian animal skeletonization was a complex and multifaceted process involving environmental, ecological, and biological factors. Predation pressure, oxygenation, and seawater chemistry change have frequently been proposed as the main drivers of this biological innovation, yet the selection pressures from microorganisms have been largely overlooked. Here we present evidence that calcareous shells of the earliest mollusks from the basal Cambrian (Fortunian Age, ca. 539-529 million years ago) of Mongolia developed advanced tubule systems that evolved primarily as a defensive strategy against extensive microbial attacks within a microbe-dominated marine ecosystem. These high-density tubules, comprising approximately 35% of shell volume, enable nascent mineralized mollusks to cope with increasing microbial bioerosion caused by boring endolithic cyanobacteria, and hence represent an innovation in shell calcification. Our finding demonstrates that enhanced microboring pressures played a significant role in shaping the calcification of the earliest mineralized mollusks during the Cambrian Explosion.

Indexed as

Evolutionary biologyPaleobiology

Identifiers

PMID38380247
PMCPMC10877964
OpenAlexW4391862389

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.