SynthesisNicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco2025
The Impact of Menthol Cigarette Bans: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Synthesis in Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The Public Health Impacts of Flavored Cigar Bans: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2026Pooled it
- Post-policy evaluation lags of tobacco and nicotine product policies: a systematic review from the United States, Canada, Australia, and the United Kingdom.Frontiers in public health · 2026Pooled it
- A Pilot RCT Exploring Heated Tobacco Product Substitution for Menthol Cigarettes.American journal of preventive medicine · 2025Trial
- Biomarkers of Nicotine and Tobacco Carcinogen Exposure in Socioeconomically Disadvantaged Black Adults Receiving a Brief Smoking Reduction Intervention.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2025Trial
- The U.S. Federal Menthol Ban: a Critical Step Toward Health Equity for African Americans.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- Identifying key beliefs for anti-disinformation messaging for Black adults about proposed US bans on menthol cigarettes and flavored cigars.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2026Article
- Illegal markets for cigarettes and e-cigarettes.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Public Comments and Federal Rulemaking for Menthol Cigarettes and Flavored Cigars.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Potential Behavioral Responses After a Hypothetical Ban on Tobacco Price Promotions Among U.S. Adults Who Use Commercial Tobacco.AJPM focus · 2026Article
- Perceptions of a Menthol Cigarette Ban: Focus Group Study With US Adults who Smoke Menthol Cigarettes.American journal of health promotion : AJHP · 2026Article
- Consumer Characteristics, Tobacco Control Policies, and Disparities in Discontinued Cigarette Purchases: Evidence from U.S. Households (2010-2021).Substance use & addiction journal · 2026Article
- Effects of menthol cigarette and e-cigarette flavour restrictions on tobacco product purchasing: insights from the Experimental Tobacco Marketplace.Tobacco control · 2026Article
- Development and validation of the Tobacco Use Individual-level Simulation and Tracking (TwIST) Model.PloS one · 2026Article
- Tobacco control policies that influence Filipino adults who smoke: Results from a discrete choice experiment.Tobacco induced diseases · 2026Article
- Cooling the Conversation: Discourse About Menthol and Flavored Tobacco Restrictions on TikTok.Substance use & misuse · 2026Article
- Examining the impact of England's menthol cigarette ban on postban smoking cessation: longitudinal findings from the England arm of the 2020-2022 ITC Four Country Smoking and Vaping Surveys.Tobacco control · 2025Article
- Perceptions of a Menthol Cigarette and Flavored Cigar Ban Among Black and White Adults Who Smoke Menthol Cigarettes, United States, 2024.Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974) · 2025Article
- Menthol cigarette alternative products: Awareness, use, and substitution intentions among adults who smoke menthol cigarettes.Addictive behaviors · 2025Article
- Population coverage and comprehensiveness of flavoured tobacco sales restrictions in the USA, 2010-2023.Tobacco control · 2025Article
- Menthol Characterizing Flavors in Cigarettes on Sale in England After a Characterizing Flavor Ban: Findings From Sensory and Chemical Assessments.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionThis review investigates the impacts of banning the sale of menthol cigarettes at stores.
methodsA systematic search of studies published in English up to November 2022 was conducted. The following databases were searched: PubMed/Medline, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Embase, as well as a non-indexed journal. Studies evaluating either the impact of real-world or hypothesized menthol cigarette bans were included. Primary outcomes include tobacco use behaviors. Secondary outcomes include cigarette sales, retailer compliance, and the tobacco industry's response to a menthol ban. Data on tobacco use behavior after a menthol ban were pooled using random-effects models. Two pairs of reviewers independently extracted data and assessed study quality.
resultsOf the 964 articles that were identified during the initial search, 78 were included in the review and 16 were included in the meta-analysis. Cessation rates among menthol cigarette smokers were high after a menthol ban. Pooled results show that 24% (95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 20%, 28%) of menthol cigarette smokers quit smoking after a menthol ban, 50% (95% CI: 31%, 68%) switched to non-menthol cigarettes, 12% (95% CI: 3%, 20%) switched to other flavored tobacco products, and 24% (95% CI: 17%, 31%) continued smoking menthol cigarettes. Hypothesized quitting and switching rates were fairly close to real-world rates. Studies found the tobacco industry attempts to undermine menthol bans. National menthol bans appear more effective than local or state menthol bans.
conclusionsMenthol cigarette bans promote smoking cessation suggesting their potential to improve public health. IMPLICATIONS: Findings from this review suggest that menthol cigarette bans promote smoking cessation among menthol cigarette smokers and have the potential to improve public health.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.