Trial reportNeurocritical care2024
Sex Differences in Perihematomal Edema Volume and Outcome After Intracerebral Hemorrhage.
Trial report in Neurocritical care, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Evolution of Perihematomal Edema Mean Hounsfield Unit and Its Association with Clinical Outcome in Intracerebral Hemorrhage: A Post Hoc Analysis of the i-DEF Trial.Neurocritical care · 2025Trial
- Acute Myocardial Injury in Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage: A Secondary Observational Analysis of the FAST Trial.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2024Trial
- Molecular heterogeneity in human stroke - What can we learn from the peripheral blood transcriptome?Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism · 2026Review
- Sex and gender-related differences in neurological diseases: current challenges and recommendations for clinical practice.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026Review
- Sex differences in imaging features including cerebral amyloid angiopathy markers in intracerebral hemorrhage.Frontiers in stroke · 2026Article
- Effect of APOE ε4 Gene on Perihematomal Edema in Intracerebral Hemorrhage: A Prospective Study.Neurocritical care · 2025Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAlthough larger hematoma volume is associated with worse outcome after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), the association between perihematomal edema (PHE) volume and outcome remains uncertain, as does the impact of sex on PHE and outcome. Here we aimed to determine whether larger PHE volume is associated with worse outcome and whether PHE volume trajectories differ by sex.
methodsWe conducted a post hoc analysis of the Factor VIIa for Acute Hemorrhagic Stroke Treatment (FAST) trial, which randomized patients with ICH to receive recombinant activated factor VIIa or placebo. Computerized planimetry calculated PHE and ICH volumes on serial computed tomography (CT) scans (at baseline [within 3 h of onset], at 24 h, and at 72 h). Generalized estimating equations examined interactions between sex, CT time points, and FAST treatment arm on PHE and ICH volumes. Mixed and multivariable logistic models examined associations between sex, PHE, and outcomes.
resultsA total of 781 patients with supratentorial ICH (mean age 65 years) were included. Compared to women (n = 296), men (n = 485) had similar median ICH (14.9 vs. 13.6 mL, p = 0.053) and PHE volumes (11.1 vs. 10.5 mL, p = 0.56) at baseline but larger ICH and PHE volumes at 24 h (19.0 vs. 14.0 mL, p < 0.001; 22.2 vs. 15.7 mL, p < 0.001) and 72 h (16.0 vs. 11.8 mL, p < 0.001; 28.7 vs. 19.9 mL, p < 0.001). Men had higher absolute early PHE expansion (p < 0.001) and more hematoma expansion (growth ≥ 33% or 6 mL at 24 h, 33% vs. 22%, p < 0.001). An interaction between sex and CT time points on PHE volume (p < 0.001), but not on ICH volume, confirmed a steeper PHE trajectory in men. PHE expansion (per 5 mL, odds radio 1.19, 95% confidence interval 1.10-1.28), but not sex, was associated with poor outcome.
conclusionsEarly PHE expansion and trajectory in men were significantly higher. PHE expansion was associated with poor outcomes independent of sex. Mechanisms leading to sex differences in PHE trajectories merit further investigation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.