Quantification of ischemic brain edema after mechanical thrombectomy using dual-energy computed tomography in patients with ischemic stroke.

Net water uptake (NWU) is a quantitative imaging biomarker used to assess cerebral edema resulting from ischemia via Computed Tomography (CT)-densitometry. It serves as a strong predictor of clinical outcome. Nevertheless, NWU measurements on follow-up CT scans after mechanical thrombectomy (MT) can be affected by contrast staining. To improve the accuracy of edema estimation, virtual non-contrast images (VNC-I) from dual-energy CT scans (DECT) were compared to conventional polychromatic CT images (CP-I) in this study. We examined NWU measurements derived from VNC-I and CP-I to assess their agreement and predictive value in clinical outcome. 88 consecutive patients who received DECT as follow-up after MT were included. NWU was quantified on CP-I (cNWU) and VNC-I (vNWU). The clinical endpoint was functional independence at discharge. cNWU and vNWU were highly correlated (r = 0.71, p < 0.0001). The median difference between cNWU and vNWU was 8.7% (IQR: 4.5-14.1%), associated with successful vessel recanalization (mTICI2b-3) (ß: 11.6%, 95% CI 2.9-23.0%, p = 0.04), and age (ß: 4.2%, 95% CI 1.3-7.0%, p = 0.005). The diagnostic accuracy to classify outcome between cNWU and vNWU was similar (AUC:0.78 versus 0.77). Although there was an 8.7% median difference, indicating potential edema underestimation on CP-I, it did not have short-term clinical implications.