ArticleBMJ open respiratory research2024
High S100A9 level predicts poor survival, and the S100A9 inhibitor paquinimod is a candidate for treating idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
Article in BMJ open respiratory research, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Role of S100A8/A9 in Autoimmune Eye Diseases: From Pathogenesis to Targeted Therapy.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Review
- The Role of Neutrophil, Monocyte and Macrophage Calprotectin and S100A12 in the Fibrotic Process.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Tumor-Bearing Status Accelerates Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Inflammation via Endothelial Activation.Thoracic cancer · 2026Article
- Current Insights into Clinical, Molecular, and Therapeutic Approaches to Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Identification of the Hub genes and inhibitors associated with hypertension in children with obesity using WGCNA.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Article
- Targeting S100A8/A9: a molecular gateway to oral inflammation, microglial activation and neuroinflammation.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Design and Synthesis of Novel Pirfenidone Analogues for Targeting Fibroblast Differentiation via Transforming Growth Factor-β/Smad Pathway UsingACS pharmacology & translational science · 2025Article
- Edaravone-Dexborneol slows down pathological progression and cognitive decline via inhibiting S100A9 in APPswe/PS1dE9 mice.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2025Article
- S100A8/S100A9 through PAD4 activation of neutrophil extracellular traps promotes granulomatous lobular mastitis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Pregnancy exacerbates neutrophil responses in murine lungs and alters gut microbiota composition after cigarette smoke exposure.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Review
- Blocking S100A9-signaling is detrimental to the initiation of anti-tumor immunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Synergistic inhibition of CitH3 and S100A8/A9: A novel therapeutic strategy for mitigating sepsis-induced inflammation and lung injury.International journal of immunopathology and pharmacologyArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundS100A9 is a damage-associated molecular pattern protein that may play an important role in the inflammatory response and fibrotic processes. Paquinimod is an immunomodulatory compound that prevents S100A9 activity. Its safety and pharmacokinetics have been confirmed in human clinical trials. In this study, we investigated the effects of paquinimod in preventing the development of lung fibrosis in vivo and examined the prognostic values of circulatory and lung S100A9 levels in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF).
methodsThe expression and localisation of S100A9 and the preventive effect of S100A9 inhibition on fibrosis development were investigated in a mouse model of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. In this retrospective cohort study, the S100A9 levels in the serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples from 76 and 55 patients with IPF, respectively, were examined for associations with patient survival.
resultsS100A9 expression was increased in the mouse lungs, especially in the inflammatory cells and fibrotic interstitium, after bleomycin administration. Treatment with paquinimod ameliorated fibrotic pathological changes and significantly reduced hydroxyproline content in the lung tissues of mice with bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Additionally, we found that paquinimod reduced the number of lymphocytes and neutrophils in BALF and suppressed endothelial-mesenchymal transition in vivo. Kaplan-Meier curve analysis and univariate and multivariate Cox hazard proportion analyses revealed that high levels of S100A9 in the serum and BALF were significantly associated with poor prognoses in patients with IPF (Kaplan-Meier curve analysis: p=0.037 (serum) and 0.019 (BALF); multivariate Cox hazard proportion analysis: HR=3.88, 95% CI=1.06 to 14.21, p=0.041 (serum); HR=2.73, 95% CI=1.05 to 7.10, p=0.039 (BALF)).
conclusionsThe present results indicate that increased S100A9 expression is associated with IPF progression and that the S100A9 inhibitor paquinimod is a potential treatment for IPF.
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