ArticleHarm reduction journal2024
Xylazine co-occurrence with illicit fentanyl is a growing threat in the Deep South: a retrospective study of decedent data.
Article in Harm reduction journal, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed.
- Toxicological evidence of xylazine in fatal and non-fatal human intoxication: a systematic review.Forensic science, medicine, and pathology · 2026Review
- Characterizing pediatric xylazine exposures reported to United States poison centers, 2010-2024.Clinical toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2026Article
- Xylazine in Ohio: Insights from individuals with criminal legal system involvement and a history of illicit stimulant use.Drug and alcohol dependence reports · 2026Article
- Characterizing patterns of opioid and stimulant use by route and associations with non-fatal overdose and xylazine use in people who have injected drugs from Baltimore, MD, 2023-2024.Drug and alcohol dependence reports · 2026Article
- Emergency department-based testing for xylazine and other novel psychoactive substances in Central Alabama: a feasibility study.Harm reduction journal · 2026Article
- Advances in drug addiction research usingFrontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- Community-based drug checking at syringe service programs in New York City observe an increasing prevalence of xylazine from 2021 through 2024.Harm reduction journal · 2025Article
- From Veterinary Medicine to Illicit Drug Supply: Utilising Social Media to Explore the Rising Emergence of Veterinary Medicines in Human Health.Brain sciences · 2025Article
- Managing xylazine-involved overdoses in a community harm reduction setting: lessons from Tijuana, Mexico.Harm reduction journal · 2025Article
- Syringe services program staff and participant perspectives on changing drug consumption behaviors in response to xylazine adulteration.Harm reduction journal · 2024Article
- Protective or potentially harmful? Altering drug consumption behaviors in response to xylazine adulteration.Research square · 2024Article
- Xylazine Exposure and Association With Early Physiological and Withdrawal Symptoms in People With Opioid Use Disorder.Journal of addiction medicineArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundXylazine is a dangerous veterinary sedative found mainly in illicit fentanyl in the Northeast and Midwest. Its role in the Deep South overdose crisis is not well-characterized.
methodsWe conducted a retrospective review of autopsy data in Jefferson County, Alabama to identify trends in xylazine prevalence among people who fatally overdosed from June 2019 through June 2023.
results165 decedents met inclusion criteria. While the first identified xylazine-associated overdose was in June 2019, xylazine has become consistently prevalent since January 2021. All cases of xylazine-associated fatal overdoses were accompanied by fentanyl, and most (75.4%) involved poly-drug stimulant use. The average age was 42.2, and most decedents were white (58.8%) and male (68.5%). Overall, 18.2% of people were unhoused at the time of death. DISCUSSION: Xylazine is prevalent in the Deep South. Efforts to promote harm reduction, publicly viewable drug supply trends, and legalization of drug checking and syringe service programs should be prioritized.
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