ArticleFrontiers in aging neuroscience2023
Cognitive reserve and the risk of postoperative neurocognitive disorders in older age.
Article in Frontiers in aging neuroscience, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Subsyndromal Delirium in Elderly Critical Care Patients: A Meta-Analysis of Prevalence and Risk Factors.Geriatrics & gerontology international · 2026Pooled it
- Regulatory T cells in perioperative neurocognitive disorders: a systematic review with structured narrative synthesis from molecular mechanisms to clinical translation.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2026Pooled it
- Feasibility and candidate risk factors for postoperative delirium in older ward patients: a prospective pilot study.BMC anesthesiology · 2026Observational
- Long-Term Cognitive and Functional Outcomes of Anesthesia and Surgery in Patients with Dementia.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Cognitive Impact of Colorectal Cancer Surgery in Elderly Patients: A Narrative Review.Cancers · 2026Review
- Complement Activation as a Predictor of Postoperative Delirium in Elderly Spine Surgery Patients.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Development and Validation of a Postoperative Delirium Prediction Model for Patients Undergoing Gastrointestinal Surgery.Clinical and experimental gastroenterology · 2026Article
- Integrating Clinical Information and Electrocardiographic Signal Features to Develop a Prediction Model for Postoperative Delirium in Older Patients: A Prospective Observational Study.International journal of general medicine · 2026Article
- Low-grade, systemic inflammation and the risk of perioperative neurocognitive disorders in an observational study of older adults.Scientific reports · 2025Observational
- From Bench to Bedside: New Frontiers in Understanding and Treating Postoperative Delirium.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Brain Microstructural Alteration and Its Implications for Postoperative Delirium in Elderly Surgical Patients: A Narrative Review.Brain and behavior · 2025Review
- The association of pre-operative biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction with the risk of post-operative neurocognitive disorders: results from the BioCog study.BMC anesthesiology · 2024Article
- Delirium management in perioperative geriatric services: a narrative review of non-pharmaceutical strategies.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Postoperative delirium (POD) and postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) are postoperative neurocognitive disorders (PNDs) that frequently occur in the aftermath of a surgical intervention. Cognitive reserve (CR) is a concept posited to explain why cognitive health varies between individuals. On this qualitative understanding of cognitive health, factors like IQ, education level, and occupational complexity can affect the impact of neuropathological processes on cognitive outcomes. Methods: We investigated the association between CR and POD and CR and POCD on data from 713 patients aged≥65 years with elective surgery. Peak pre-morbid IQ was estimated from vocabulary. Occupational complexity was coded according to the Dictionary of Occupational Titles (DOT). Education level was classed according to the International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED). These three factors were used as proxies of CR. In a series of regression models, age, sex, depression, site of surgery, and several lifestyle and vascular factors were controlled for. Results: Patients with a higher IQ had lower odds of developing POD. We found no significant association between the other two CR markers with POD. None of the CR markers was associated with POCD. Conclusion: The significant association of a higher IQ with lower POD risk allows for the stratification of elderly surgical patients by risk. This knowledge can aid the prevention and/or early detection of POD. Further research should attempt to determine the lack of associations of CR markers with POCD in our study.
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