ReviewDiabetologia2024
Diabetes and infection: review of the epidemiology, mechanisms and principles of treatment.
Review in Diabetologia, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 161 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
161 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Risk factors for pneumonia after radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC cancer · 2025Pooled it
- SGLT2 Inhibitors and the Risk of Infections in Type 2 Diabetes: Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses of Real-World Evidence.Journal of diabetes research · 2025Pooled it
- A systematic review of diabetic foot infections: pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management strategies.Frontiers in clinical diabetes and healthcare · 2024Pooled it
- Effect of semaglutide on COVID-19 and other infections: an analysis from the FLOW randomized clinical trial.Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association · 2026Trial
- Acute uncomplicated urinary tract infections and subsequent type 2 diabetes diagnosis in women: a national cohort study including primary healthcare data.Scandinavian journal of primary health care · 2026Article
- Association of Inpatient Diabetes Specialist Consultation with Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Diabetes Hospitalized for Lower Respiratory Tract Infections: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Multiplex quantification of osteomyelitis pathogens based on bead array.Mikrochimica acta · 2026Article
- Bloodstream Infection After Major Burn Surgery in Relation to Preoperative Glycemic Gap Among Patients Without Diabetes: A Retrospective Cohort Study.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Prognostic Value of Dynamic Hematologic Immune-Inflammatory Indices in Patients Undergoing Isolated Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Antimicrobial Peptides for Diabetic Foot Ulcers and Infections: Current Evidence and Translational Perspectives.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Multidrug-resistant Enterobacterales causing wound infections in Ibadan, Nigeria: Phenotypic resistance and detection ofIJID regions · 2026Article
- Real world treatment patterns among patients with painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy in the United States.Pain medicine (Malden, Mass.) · 2026Article
- Association of Early Supplemental Parenteral Nutrition with Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury.Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society · 2026Article
- Adiposity and infection-related mortality: Mendelian randomization study of 126 000 Mexican adults.International journal of epidemiology · 2026Article
- Bacterial etiology, antimicrobial susceptibility, and clinical outcomes in cervicofacial space infections before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic: a 10-year single-centre study.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Photo-crosslinkable hydrogel with programmable dual time-phase drug release for accelerated healing of infected diabetic wounds.Journal of advanced research · 2026Article
- Impact of metabolic comorbidities on the clinical course of West Nile virus infection.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2026Article
- Article
- Increased Risk of Infections in People Living With Diabetes.Diabetes · 2026Review
- Chemokine receptor CCR1 restrains adipose tissue remodelling via cAMP/PKA/CREB signalling and adipocyte‒macrophage crosstalk in mice.Clinical and translational medicine · 2026Article
101 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
An association between diabetes and infection has been recognised for many years, with infection being an important cause of death and morbidity in people with diabetes. The COVID-19 pandemic has re-kindled an interest in the complex relationship between diabetes and infection. Some infections occur almost exclusively in people with diabetes, often with high mortality rates without early diagnosis and treatment. However, more commonly, diabetes is a complicating factor in many infections. A reciprocal relationship occurs whereby certain infections and their treatments may also increase the risk of diabetes. People with diabetes have a 1.5- to 4-fold increased risk of infection. The risks are the most pronounced for kidney infection, osteomyelitis and foot infection, but are also increased for pneumonia, influenza, tuberculosis, skin infection and general sepsis. Outcomes from infection are worse in people with diabetes, with the most notable example being a twofold higher rate of death from COVID-19. Hyperglycaemia has deleterious effects on the immune response. Vascular insufficiency and neuropathy, together with altered skin, mucosal and gut microbial colonisation, contribute to the increased risk of infection. Vaccination is important in people with diabetes although the efficacy of certain immunisations may be compromised, particularly in the presence of hyperglycaemia. The principles of treatment largely follow those of the general population with certain notable exceptions.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.