Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38374401›Full record

ArticleJournal of the National Cancer Institute2024

Increasing diversity in clinical trials: demographic trends at the National Cancer Institute, 2005-2020.

Nirmal Choradia, Fatima Karzai, Ryan Nipp, Abdul Rafeh Naqash, James L Gulley, Charalampos S Floudas

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
9citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

9 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Trial
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Increasing Diversity in Head and Neck Cancer Clinical Trials.Current treatment options in oncology · 2026
    Review
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. What Is Ailing Oncology Clinical Trials? Can We Fix Them?Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2024
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Nirmal ChoradiaMedical Oncology Service, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Fatima KarzaiGenitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Ryan NippDepartment of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-4577-3248
Abdul Rafeh NaqashDepartment of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
James L GulleyCenter for Immuno-Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Charalampos S FloudasCenter for Immuno-Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-0020-237X

Funding

Cancer Therapy Clinical Trials Using Novel Recombinant VaccinesZIABC010666 · NCI · DIVISION OF BASIC SCIENCES - NCI · PI GULLEY, JAMES L. · 2009 to 2025
$22.4M
CCR NIH HHSIntramural NIH HHSIntramural Research ProgramNCI NIH HHSNIH HHS
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundWe described participant demographics for National Cancer Institute (NCI) clinical trials at the clinical center (NCI-CC participants) of the National Institutes of Health to identify enrollment disparities.

methodsWe analyzed NCI-CC data from 2005 to 2020, calculated enrollment fractions, compared with the US cancer population represented by the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results cancer incidence data (2018) and the Cancer in North America database (2018), and compared further with clinical trial disparities data from the NCI Community Oncology Research Program and National Clinical Trials Network (2005-2019), and from ClinicalTrials.gov (2003-2016).

resultsNCI-CC (38 531 participants) had higher enrollment fractions for older adults (8.5%), male (5.6%), non-Hispanic (5.1%), and Black or African American (5.3%) participants; lower women proportion across race and ethnicity; and fewer female sex-specific cancer (6.8%) than male sex-specific cancer (11.7%) participants. NCI-CC had lower median age than Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (54.0 vs 65.4); more Black or African American participants (12.0% vs 11.1%); and fewer women (41.7% vs 49.5%), White (76.1% vs 80.5%), Asian or Pacific Islander (4.6% vs 6.0%), American Indian or Alaska Native (0.3% vs 0.5%), and Hispanic participants (7.1% vs 13%). NCI-CC had more Black or African American and Asian or Pacific Islander participants; fewer Hispanic participants than the NCI Community Oncology Research Program and National Clinical Trials Network; more Black or African American and Hispanic participants; fewer Asian or Pacific Islander participants than ClinicalTrials.gov data. Improvement was noted for NCI-CC (older adults, Black or African American, Asian or Pacific Islander, Hispanic participants).

conclusionWe found lower representation of older adults, women, Asian or Pacific Islander, American Indian or Alaska Native, and Hispanic participants vs the US cancer population and higher representation of Black or African American vs US cancer population and oncology clinical trials. Multifaceted efforts are underway to reduce disparities in cancer clinical trials at the NCI-CC.

Indexed as

Clinical Trials as TopicNational Cancer Institute (U.S.)NeoplasmsAdultAgedAged, 80 and overDemographyEthnicityFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedPatient SelectionRacial GroupsSEER ProgramUnited States

Identifiers

PMID38374401
PMCPMC11223850

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.