ArticleCost effectiveness and resource allocation : C/E2024
Out-of-pocket pharmaceutical expenditure and its determinants among Iranian households with elderly members: a double-hurdle model.
Article in Cost effectiveness and resource allocation : C/E, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Socioeconomic determinants of affordability of medication: a panel data econometric analysis in Iran.BMC health services research · 2025Article
- Marginalized two part model for analyzing multilevel semicontinuous medical costs in Iranian households.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Catastrophic health expenditure of inpatients in emerging economies: evidence from the Indian subcontinent.Health research policy and systems · 2024Article
- Impact of Medical-Pharmaceutical Separation Reform on Hospitalization Expenditure in Tertiary Public Hospitals: Difference-in-Difference Analysis Based on Panel Data from Beijing.Risk management and healthcare policy · 2024Article
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7 authors.
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Abstract
objectivesThe population of older adults continues to grow in Iran, with pharmaceutical costs as a leading driver of household health-related costs. The present study was conducted to estimate the out-of-pocket pharmaceutical expenditure and its socioeconomic predictors among households with the elderly in Iran.
methodThis study is a secondary analysis using 2019 national household expenditure and income survey data in Iran. The sample size was 9381 households with at least one member older than 65. The double-hurdle model in STATA 16 was used to examine the association between independent variables and households' out-of-pocket pharmaceutical expenditures.
resultsThe mean out-of-pocket pharmaceutical expenditures for each household with elderly member was $8065 per year. There was a positive association between the (female) gender of the household head, urban residence, employment status, insurance expenditure and a higher level of education of the head of the household with the out-of-pocket pharmaceutical expenditures (P < 0.05). The income of elderly households did not affect these expenditures (P > 0.05).
conclusionsThis study showed that the socioeconomic characteristics of elderly families not only influenced their decision to enter the medicine market, but also the rate of medicine purchase. It is helpful to manage and control the pharmaceutical costs among the elderly.
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