ArticleBMJ open2024
Barriers and enablers to blood culture sampling in Indonesia, Thailand and Viet Nam: a Theoretical Domains Framework-based survey.
Article in BMJ open, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed.
- A Scenario-Based Survey of Clinician Recommendations for Follow-Up Blood Cultures in Patients With Varying Risk of Persistent Gram-Negative Bacteremia.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Advancing Emergency Nursing Care Through International Collaboration and Behaviour Change Theory.Journal of advanced nursing · 2026Article
- Willingness to accept paediatric blood sample collection for clinical research purposes in Nepal: a qualitative study.BMJ global health · 2026Article
- How to utilize routine antimicrobial resistance surveillance data for local and national actions in an LMIC.JAC-antimicrobial resistance · 2025Review
- Performance of Early Sepsis Screening Tools for Timely Diagnosis and Antibiotic Stewardship in a Resource-Limited Thai Community Hospital.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Tools and challenges in the use of routine clinical data for antimicrobial resistance surveillance.npj antimicrobials and resistance · 2025Review
- Factors associated with blood culture sampling for adult acute care hospital patients with suspected severe infection: a scoping review using a socioecological framework.JAC-antimicrobial resistance · 2025Review
- Article
- Association between Charlson Comorbidity Index and positive blood cultures at a tertiary-care hospital in Indonesia.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Insights of SEDRIC, the Surveillance and Epidemiology of Drug-Resistant Infections Consortium.Wellcome open research · 2025Article
- Antimicrobial resistance among common bacterial pathogens in Indonesia: a systematic review.The Lancet regional health. Southeast Asia · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
26 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveBlood culture (BC) sampling is recommended for all suspected sepsis patients prior to antibiotic administration. We examine barriers and enablers to BC sampling in three Southeast Asian countries.
designA Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF)-based survey, comprising a case scenario of a patient presenting with community-acquired sepsis and all 14 TDF domains of barriers/enablers to BC sampling.
settingHospitals in Indonesia, Thailand and Viet Nam, December 2021 to 30 April 2022.
participants1070 medical doctors and 238 final-year medical students were participated in this study. Half of the respondents were women (n=680, 52%) and most worked in governmental hospitals (n=980, 75.4%). OUTCOME MEASURES: Barriers and enablers to BC sampling.
resultsThe proportion of respondents who answered that they would definitely take BC in the case scenario was highest at 89.8% (273/304) in Thailand, followed by 50.5% (252/499) in Viet Nam and 31.3% (157/501) in Indonesia (p<0.001). Barriers/enablers in nine TDF domains were considered key in influencing BC sampling, including 'priority of BC (TDF-goals)', 'perception about their role to order or initiate an order for BC (TDF-social professional role and identity)', 'perception that BC is helpful (TDF-beliefs about consequences)', 'intention to follow guidelines (TDF-intention)', 'awareness of guidelines (TDF-knowledge)', 'norms of BC sampling (TDF-social influence)', 'consequences that discourage BC sampling (TDF-reinforcement)', 'perceived cost-effectiveness of BC (TDF-environmental context and resources)' and 'regulation on cost reimbursement (TDF-behavioural regulation)'. There was substantial heterogeneity between the countries. In most domains, the lower (higher) proportion of Thai respondents experienced the barriers (enablers) compared with that of Indonesian and Vietnamese respondents. A range of suggested intervention types and policy options was identified.
conclusionsBarriers and enablers to BC sampling are varied and heterogenous. Cost-related barriers are more common in more resource-limited countries, while many barriers are not directly related to cost. Context-specific multifaceted interventions at both hospital and policy levels are required to improve diagnostic stewardship practices.
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