ArticleClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2024
Spatiotemporal Trends in Group A Streptococcal Pharyngitis in the United States.
Article in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 6 citations in OpenAlex.
- Uncovering the post-pandemic timing of influenza, RSV, and COVID-19 driving seasonal influenza-like illness in the United States: a retrospective ecological study.Lancet regional health. Americas · 2026Article
- Article
- Protocol for developing a core outcome set for traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of pharyngitis.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Increase of macrolide resistance amongAntimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2025Article
- The hidden seasonality of pharyngitis and tonsillitis: a recurring early-summer wave of unclear aetiology.Epidemiology and infection · 2025Article
- Group A streptococcal infections in Alberta, Canada 2018-2023.Epidemiology and infection · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundGroup A Streptococcus (GAS) causes an estimated 5.2 million outpatient visits for pharyngitis annually in the United States, with incidence peaking in winter, but the annual spatiotemporal pattern of GAS pharyngitis across the United States is poorly characterized.
methodsWe used outpatient claims data from individuals with private medical insurance between 2010 and 2018 to quantify GAS pharyngitis visit rates across U.S. census regions, subregions, and states. We evaluated seasonal and age-based patterns of geographic spread and the association between school start dates and the summertime upward inflection in GAS visits.
resultsThe South had the most visits per person (yearly average, 39.11 visits per 1000 people; 95% confidence interval, 36.21-42.01) and the West had the fewest (yearly average, 17.63 visits per 1000 people; 95% confidence interval, 16.76-18.49). Visits increased earliest in the South and in school-age children. Differences in visits between the South and other regions were most pronounced in the late summer through early winter. Visits peaked earliest in central southern states, in December to January, and latest on the coasts, in March. The onset of the rise in GAS pharyngitis visits correlated with, but preceded, average school start times.
conclusionsThe burden and timing of GAS pharyngitis varied across the continental United States, with the South experiencing the highest overall rates and earliest onset and peak in outpatient visits. Understanding the drivers of these regional differences in GAS pharyngitis will help in identifying and targeting prevention measures.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.