Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38372000›Full record

ArticleJAC-antimicrobial resistance2024

Predominance of multidrug-resistant bacteria causing urinary tract infections among symptomatic patients in East Africa: a call for action.

Antonio Maldonado-Barragán, Stephen E Mshana, Katherine Keenan, Xuejia Ke, Stephen H Gillespie, John Stelling, John Maina, Joel Bazira, Ivan Muhwezi, Martha F Mushi and 9 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in JAC-antimicrobial resistance, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
20citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
4.9field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 23 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Descriptive Epidemiology ofBioMed research international · 2025
    Pooled it
  2. Review
  3. Therapeutic strategies for multi-resistantJAC-antimicrobial resistance · 2026
    Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

19 authors at 6 institutions in 5 countries.

Antonio Maldonado-BarragánSchool of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9TF, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4775-346X
Stephen E MshanaDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Bugando School of Medicine, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza P.O. Box 1464, Tanzania.
Katherine KeenanSchool of Geography and Sustainable Development, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 8AL, UK.
Xuejia KeSchool of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9TH, UK.
Stephen H GillespieSchool of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9TF, UK.
John StellingDepartment of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
John MainaCentre for Microbiology Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya.
Joel BaziraDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda.
Ivan MuhweziDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda.
Martha F MushiDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Bugando School of Medicine, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza P.O. Box 1464, Tanzania.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3511-2523
Dominique L GreenSchool of Geography and Sustainable Development, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 8AL, UK.
Mike KesbySchool of Geography and Sustainable Development, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 8AL, UK.
Andy G LynchSchool of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9TF, UK.
Wilber SabiitiSchool of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9TF, UK.
Derek J SloanSchool of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9TF, UK.
Alison SandemanSchool of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9TF, UK.
John KiiruCentre for Microbiology Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya.
Benon AsiimweDepartment of Medical Microbiology, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
Matthew T G HoldenSchool of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9TF, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4958-2166
University of St Andrews · GBCatholic University of Health and Allied Sciences · TZKenya Medical Research Institute · KEMbarara University of Science and Technology · UGBrigham and Women's Hospital · USMakerere University · UG

Funding

Medical Research Council MR/S004785/1
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: In low- and middle-income countries, antibiotics are often prescribed for patients with symptoms of urinary tract infections (UTIs) without microbiological confirmation. Inappropriate antibiotic use can contribute to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and the selection of MDR bacteria. Data on antibiotic susceptibility of cultured bacteria are important in drafting empirical treatment guidelines and monitoring resistance trends, which can prevent the spread of AMR. In East Africa, antibiotic susceptibility data are sparse. To fill the gap, this study reports common microorganisms and their susceptibility patterns isolated from patients with UTI-like symptoms in Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda. Within each country, patients were recruited from three sites that were sociodemographically distinct and representative of different populations. Methods: UTI was defined by the presence of >10 Results: Microbiologically confirmed UTI was observed in 2653 (35.0%) of the 7583 patients studied. The predominant bacteria were Conclusions: MDR bacteria are common causes of UTI in patients attending healthcare centres in East African countries, which emphasizes the need for investment in laboratory culture capacity and diagnostic algorithms to improve accuracy of diagnosis that will lead to appropriate antibiotic use to prevent and control AMR.

Identifiers

PMID38372000
PMCPMC10873138
OpenAlexW4391893018

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.