ReviewJournal of advanced veterinary and animal research2023
The potential immunomodulatory effect of levamisole in humans and farm animals.
Review in Journal of advanced veterinary and animal research, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Nitazoxanide Exhibits Schistosomicidal Activity Against Schistosomula and Adult Schistosoma mansoni and Influences Praziquantel-Associated Outcomes.Acta parasitologica · 2026Article
- Article
- Oral levamisole as a route-decoupled adjunct to intramuscular foot-and-mouth disease vaccination: a two-species evaluation.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Article
- Identifying Key Pathogenic Mechanisms in Recurrent Glioblastoma Through Bioinformatics Analysis.Current medicinal chemistry · 2026Article
- DietaryFrontiers in veterinary science · 2026Article
- Effect of injectable antioxidants on redox profile after Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) vaccination in Naïve goat kids.Tropical animal health and production · 2025Article
- Single‑dose levamisole at breeding alters early pregnancy immune-endocrine profiles without affecting fertility in ewes.BMC veterinary research · 2025Article
- Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu Decoction inhibits ferroptosis to improve cyclophosphamide induced immunosuppression through regulation of arachidonic acid metabolism.Journal of molecular histology · 2025Article
- Levamisole as a Strategy Against Bacteria from Canine Otitis Externa: An In Vitro Evaluation.Veterinary sciences · 2025Article
- Baicalin RelievesBiomolecules · 2025Article
- Anthelmintic efficacy of mebendazole and levamisole in Olive Baboon (Papio anubis) infected with Trichuris trichiura.PloS one · 2025Article
- Umbelliferone Enhances Immune Function in Cyclophosphamide-Induced Immunosuppressed MiceCurrent drug metabolism · 2024Article
- Levamisole, as a viral vaccine adjuvant, induces robust host defense through the modulation of innate and adaptive immune responses.Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This study conducted a literature review to investigate the immunomodulatory effect of levamisole in both humans and farm animals. The following procedure was followed for database searching: PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library. All research works were updated to September 2022. The terms used in the literature search were included: ("levamisole" OR "immunity" OR "immune system") AND ("adjuvant" OR "fish" OR "poultry" OR "farm animal" OR "cattle" OR "sheep"). The current review enlightens the extensive potential of levamisole as an adjuvant immunotherapeutic agent and explains its divergent applications beyond its antiparasitic use as an adjuvant, dietary supplement, immunostimulant, antiviral, and anti-cancer drug in humans and farm animals. In the articles examined, various mechanisms have been proposed for levamisole immunoprotective effects, but hormonal alteration and stress hormone reduction are indicated as the main mechanisms in various animal species.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.