ArticleNeurospine2023
Relationship Between Types of Warming Devices and Surgical Site Infection in Patients Who Underwent Posterior Fusion Surgery Based on National Data.
Article in Neurospine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 5 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of different warming strategies on intraoperative hypothermia: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.BMC anesthesiology · 2026Pooled it
- Current Evidence on the Relationship Between Perioperative Hypothermia and Surgical Site Infection: A Scoping Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Immunomodulatory factors CRP/albumin ratio and NLR predict post-spinal surgery infection.Frontiers in surgery · 2025Article
- Efficacy of Additional Surgical Decompression on Functional Outcome in Pyogenic Spinal Epidural Abscess With No Neurological Deficit.Korean journal of neurotrauma · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivePerioperative hypothermia can lead to various complications. Although various warming techniques have been used to prevent perioperative hypothermia, the effect of these techniques on surgical site infection (SSI) during posterior fusion surgery is unclear. The effects of warming devices on SSI rates were therefore analyzed using data complied by the Health Insurance and Review Assessment (HIRA) Service in Korea.
methodsThis study included 5,406 patients in the HIRA Service database who underwent posterior fusion surgery during the years 2014, 2015, and 2017. Factors related to SSI in these patients, including warming devices, antibiotics, and transfusion, were analyzed.
resultsThe incidence of SSI was higher in patients who underwent forced air warming than in those who did not undergo active warming (odds ratio [OR], 1.73; p = 0.039), especially above 70 years old (OR, 4.11; p = 0.014). By contrast, the incidence of SSI was not significantly higher in patients who underwent device using conduction. Infection rates were higher in patients who received prophylactic antibiotics within 20 minutes before incision, than within 21 to 60 minutes (OR, 2.07; p = 0.001) and who received more blood transfusions (1 pint < volume ≤ 2 pint; OR, 1.75; p = 0.008, > 2 pint; OR, 2.73; p = 0.004).
conclusionSSI rates were higher in patients who underwent warming with forced air devices than with devices using conduction, as well as being higher in patients who older age, received blood transfusions and administered antibiotics within 20 minutes before incision. Devices using conduction have more advantages in preventing SSI than forced air warming device. In addition, the reduction of other risk factors for SSI may improve postoperative results.
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Registered trials
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