ArticleAmerican journal of preventive medicine2024
Adverse Childhood Experiences Among U.S. Adults: National and State Estimates by Adversity Type, 2019-2020.
Article in American journal of preventive medicine, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Dialectical behavior therapy skills training for African American pregnant women with ACEs: a pilot study of feasibility, acceptability, and mental health barriers and attitudes.European journal of psychotraumatology · 2025Trial
- Timing of adverse childhood experiences shapes epigenetic ageing and life-history outcomes.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Adverse Effects of Non-Medical Use of Cannabis or Opioids Associated with Adverse Childhood Experiences.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Article
- Multiple Adverse Childhood Experiences and Maternal Mental Health Outcomes Among Kenyan Mothers With and Without HIV.AIDS and behavior · 2026Article
- Reduced Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy in Pregnant Women With HIV With Intimate Partner Violence in the United States.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Exposure frequencies of single adverse childhood experiences and their association with psychological distress: evidence from a cohort study among emerging Swiss adults.BMC public health · 2025Observational
- Article
- Rethinking healthcare's approach to ACEs treatment and the role of social health programming.Pediatric research · 2025Article
- Adverse Childhood Experiences: Increased Likelihood Of Socioeconomic Disadvantages For Young Adults.Health affairs (Project Hope) · 2025Article
- From Emotional Abuse to a Fear of Intimacy: A Preliminary Study of the Mediating Role of Attachment Styles and Rejection Sensitivity.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
introductionAlthough adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with lifelong health harms, current surveillance data on exposures to childhood adversity among adults are either unavailable or incomplete for many states. In this study, recent data from a nationally representative survey were used to obtain the current and complete estimates of ACEs at the national and state levels.
methodsCurrent, complete, by-state estimates of adverse childhood experiences were obtained by applying small area estimation technique to individual-level data on adults aged ≥18 years from 2019-2020 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System survey. The standardized questions about childhood adversity included in the 2019-2020 survey allowed for obtaining estimates of ACE consistent across states. All missing responses to childhood adversity questions (states did not offer such questions or offered them to only some respondents; respondents skipped questions) were predicted through multilevel mixed-effects logistic small area estimation regressions. The analyses were conducted between October 2022 and May 2023.
resultsAn estimated 62.8% of U.S. adults had past exposure to ACEs (range: 54.9% in Connecticut; 72.5% in Maine). Emotional abuse (34.5%) was the most common; household member incarceration (10.6%) was the least common. Sexual abuse varied markedly between females (22.2%) and males (5.4%). Exposure to most types of adverse childhood experiences was lowest for adults who were non-Hispanic White, had the highest level of education (college degree) or income (annual income ≥$50,000), or had access to a personal healthcare provider.
conclusionsCurrent complete estimates of ACEs demonstrate high countrywide exposures and stark sociodemographic inequalities in the burden, highlighting opportunities to prevent adverse childhood experiences by focusing social, educational, medical, and public health interventions on populations disproportionately impacted.
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