ArticleThe Science of the total environment2024
Identifying critical windows of prenatal phenol, paraben, and pesticide exposure and child neurodevelopment: Findings from a prospective cohort study.
Article in The Science of the total environment, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between Maternal Lead Exposure from Seafood Consumption and Neurodevelopment: A Systematic Review.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2025Pooled it
- Prenatal and childhood exposure to common plasticizers in relation to emotional and behavioral development through adolescence.The Science of the total environment · 2026Article
- Time-Varying Exposure to Element Mixtures and Children's Cognition at 5 Years of Age: Findings from the New Hampshire Birth Cohort Study.Environmental health perspectives · 2026Article
- The Gut-Brain Axis as a Mediator of Environmental Endocrine Disruptors in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Systematic Review and Mechanistic Synthesis.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2026Review
- Network Toxicology and In Vivo Studies Reveal the Toxicity and Mechanisms of Tributyl Citrate Carried by Microplastics in Promoting Colitis-to-Tumorigenesis Transformation.Environment & health (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Article
- Associations of Exposure to Parabens During Pregnancy with Behavior in Early Childhood.Toxics · 2026Article
- Exposome influences: a multi-omics perspective on the combined toxic effects of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in Alzheimer's disease.Frontiers in toxicology · 2026Review
- Gestational exposures to mixtures of multiple chemical classes and autism spectrum disorder in the MARBLES study.Environmental research · 2025Article
- Associations between prenatal exposure to environmental phenols and child neurodevelopment at two years of age in a South African birth cohort.Environmental research · 2025Article
- Prenatal exposure to Bisphenol-A as a risk factor for infant neurodevelopment.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThis study aimed to investigate how exposure to a mixture of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) during two points in pregnancy affects early childhood neurodevelopment.
methodsWe analyzed publicly-available data from a high-risk cohort of mothers and their children (2007-2014) that measured six EDCs including methyl-, ethyl- and propyl parabens (MEPB, ETPB, PRPB), Bisphenol-A (BPA), 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPy), 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA) in prenatal urine samples during the second and third trimesters. Neurodevelopmental scores were assessed using Mullen Scales of Early Learning (MSEL) at age 3. We used mean field variational Bayes for lagged kernel machine regression (MFVB-LKMR) to investigate the association between trimester-specific co-exposure to the six EDCs and MSEL scores at age 3, stratified by sex.
resultsThe analysis included 130 children. For females, the relationship between BPA and 3PBA with MSEL score varied between the two trimesters. In the second trimester, effect estimates for BPA were null but inversely correlated with MSEL score in the third trimester. 3PBA had a negative relationship with MSEL in the second trimester and positive correlation in the third trimester. For males, effect estimates for all EDCs were in opposing directions across trimesters. MFVB-LKMR analysis identified significant two-way interaction between EDCs for MSEL scores in both trimesters. For example, in females, the MSEL scores associated with increased exposure to TCPy were 1.75 units (95%credible interval -0.04, -3.47) lower in the 2nd trimester and 4.61 (95%CI -3.39, -5.84) lower in the third trimester when PRPB was fixed at the 75th percentile compared to when PRPB was fixed at the 25th percentile.
conclusionOur study provides evidence that timing of EDC exposure within the prenatal period may impact neurodevelopmental outcomes in children. More of these varying effects were identified among females. Future research is needed to explore EDC mixtures and the timing of exposure during pregnancy to enhance our understanding of how these chemicals impact child health.
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