Trial reportNicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco2024
Impact of Financial Disclosures and Health Warnings on Youth and Young Adult Perceptions of Pro-E-cigarette Instagram Posts.
Trial report in Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 3 citations in OpenAlex.
- An Investigation of Young Adults' Psychophysiological and Self-Report Responses to Paid Partnership Disclosures in Pro-Oral Nicotine Pouch Videos.American journal of preventive medicine · 2026Article
- Marketing awareness, professional experience, and support for e-cigarette advertising regulation among Polish legal professionals: a latent-class analysis.International journal of occupational medicine and environmental health · 2026Article
- Advances in Social Media Research to Reduce Tobacco Use.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
introductionWe examined the impact of financial disclosures and warning labels on pro-e-cigarette Instagram posts and their association with attitudes toward the ad and product among youth and young adults.
methodsDuring March to May 2021, we conducted a factorial experiment using an online convenience sample of youth and young adults (N = 1687, Mage = 21.54). Participants were randomized to one of four conditions: pro-e-cigarette Instagram posts with only a financial disclosure, only a warning label, both a financial disclosure + warning label, or no financial disclosure or warning label. After viewing the posts, participants answered questions regarding their attitude toward the ad and the product. We used one-way ANOVA to estimate the association of condition on outcomes controlling for demographics.
resultsYoung adults who viewed Instagram posts with only a financial disclosure reported more positive attitudes toward the ad than those who viewed posts with both a financial disclosure + warning label (p < .05). Young adults who viewed posts with only a financial disclosure reported more positive attitudes toward the product than those who viewed posts with only a warning label, both a financial disclosure + warning label, and without either (ps < .05). Differences were not statistically significant for youth. E-cigarette use status was associated with increased positive attitudes toward the ad (p < .001) and product (p < .001) for all participants.
conclusionsOur results can inform policy interventions to mitigate the effects of e-cigarette social media marketing among youth and young adults. Including financial disclosures may not decrease appeal of e-cigarettes compared to posts without either. IMPLICATIONS: Findings from the study suggest that a warning label may be more effective in reducing the effects of pro-e-cigarette social media posts than a financial disclosure among young adults. Public health officials should examine additional strategies beyond financial disclosures and warning labels (eg, social media peer mentoring program) to offset the persuasive effects of pro-e-cigarette social media marketing posts on young people. Additional policy interventional efforts are needed to limit the impact of e-cigarette social media marketing.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.