ArticleNature communications2024
Changes in social norms during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic across 43 countries.
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Article in Nature communications, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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8citing papers in PubMed
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- Cultural tightness and social cohesion under coevolving beliefs, behaviors, and preferences.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Nationwide longitudinal study reveals impact of both national restriction levels and genetic risk factors on loneliness during the COVID-19 pandemic.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Impact of COVID-19 Infection and Related Social Concerns on Depressive Symptoms: Mediating Effects of Negative Changes in Daily Life and Moderating Effects of Age and Gender.Psychiatry investigation · 2024Article
- The association of increased incidence of congenital heart disease in newborns with maternal COVID-19 infection during pregnancy.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Evidence from 43 countries that disease leaves cultures unchanged in the short-term.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Cross-societal variation in norm enforcement systems.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2024Review
- Assessing the effects of pandemic risk on cooperation and social norms using a before-after Covid-19 comparison in two long-term experiments.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Hand Hygiene Social Norms Among Healthcare Workers During Early COVID-19: Results of a Global Survey.International journal of public health · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
82 authors.
Giulia Andrighetto *Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies, National Research Council of Italy, Rome, Italy. giulia.andrighetto@istc.cnr.it.
Aron Szekely *Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies, National Research Council of Italy, Rome, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-5651-4711
Andrea GuidoInstitute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies, National Research Council of Italy, Rome, Italy.
Michele GelfandGraduate School of Business and Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, USA.
Jered AbernathyDepartment of Sociology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, USA.
Gizem ArikanDepartment of Political Science, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.ORCID 0000-0002-2083-7321
Zeynep AycanDepartment of Psychology, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey.
Shweta BankarAshoka University, Sonipat, India.
Davide BarreraCollegio Carlo Alberto, Turin, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-0441-5073
Dana Basnight-BrownUnited States International University - Africa, Nairobi, Kenya.ORCID 0000-0002-7200-6976
Anabel BelausInstituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas (IIPsi), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET); CABA, Córdoba, Argentina.ORCID 0000-0001-9657-8496
Elizaveta BerezinaSunway University, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia.ORCID 0000-0003-1972-8133
Sheyla BlumenDepartamento de Psicología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima, Perú.ORCID 0000-0002-9960-7413
Paweł BoskiSWPS University, Warsaw, Poland.ORCID 0000-0003-0984-5686
Huyen Thi Thu BuiHanoi National University of Education, Hanoi, Vietnam.
Juan Camilo CárdenasUniversidad de los Andes, Bogota, Colombia.ORCID 0000-0003-0005-7595
Đorđe ČekrlijaFaculty of Philosophy, University of Banja Luka, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina.ORCID 0000-0001-8177-8663
Mícheál de BarraCentre for Culture and Evolution, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-4455-6214
Piyanjali de ZoysaFaculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka.ORCID 0000-0002-7382-6503
Angela DorroughDepartment of Psychology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-5645-949X
Jan B EngelmannCenter for Research in Experimental Economics and Political Decision Making (CREED), Amsterdam School of Economics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0001-6493-8792
Hyun EuhGies College of Business, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-0972-1640
Susann FiedlerVienna University of Economics and Business, Vienna, Austria.ORCID 0000-0001-9337-2142
Olivia Foster-GimbelStern School of Business, New York University, New York, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-4583-3060
Gonçalo FreitasInstituto de Ciências Sociais, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.ORCID 0000-0001-5888-3000
Marta FülöpHUN-REN Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Centre of Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.
Ragna B GardarsdottirFaculty of Psychology, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.ORCID 0000-0003-3368-4616
Colin Mathew Hugues D GillSunway University, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia.ORCID 0000-0002-3225-246X
Andreas GlöcknerDepartment of Psychology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-7766-4791
Sylvie GrafInstitute of Psychology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic.ORCID 0000-0002-7810-5457
Ani GrigoryanDepartment of Personality Psychology, Yerevan State University, Yerevan, Armenia.ORCID 0000-0001-5453-2879
Katarzyna GrowiecSWPS University, Warsaw, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-4448-2561
Hirofumi HashimotoOsaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan.ORCID 0000-0003-3648-9912
Tim HopthrowSchool of Psychology, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-2331-7150
Martina HřebíčkováInstitute of Psychology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic.ORCID 0000-0002-8700-1326
Hirotaka ImadaRoyal Holloway, University of London, Egham, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-3604-4155
Yoshio KamijoWaseda University, Tokyo, Japan.ORCID 0000-0002-2184-9594
Hansika KapoorDepartment of Psychology, Monk Prayogshala, Mumbai, India.ORCID 0000-0002-0805-7752
Yoshihisa KashimaMelbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
Narine KhachatryanDepartment of Personality Psychology, Yerevan State University, Yerevan, Armenia.ORCID 0000-0003-3590-7131
Natalia KharchenkoKyiv International Institute of Sociology, Kyiv, Ukraine.
Diana LeónDeJusticia, Bogotá, Colombia.ORCID 0000-0003-4596-3858
Lisa M LeslieStern School of Business, New York University, New York, USA.
Yang LiNagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.ORCID 0000-0002-8239-3279
Kadi LiikSchool of Natural Sciences and Health, Tallinn University, Tallinn, Estonia.ORCID 0000-0002-5166-9893
Marco Tullio LiuzzaDepartment of Medical and Surgical Sciences, "Magna Græcia" University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-6708-1253
Angela T MaitnerDepartment of Psychology, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.ORCID 0000-0003-3896-5783
Pavan MamidiAshoka University, Sonipat, India.
Michele McArdleDepartment of Political Science, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
Imed MedhioubDepartment of Finance and Investment, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0000-0003-4676-7330
Maria Luisa Mendes TeixeiraPresbyterian Mackenzie University, São Paulo, Brazil.ORCID 0000-0002-0606-1723
Sari MentserThe Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.ORCID 0000-0003-1520-8253
Francisco MoralesUniversidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile.ORCID 0000-0003-0785-8838
Jayanth NarayananNortheastern University, Boston, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-2720-1593
Kohei NittaRitsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan.
Ravit NussinsonDepartment of Education and Psychology, The Open University of Israel, Ra'anana, Israel.ORCID 0000-0002-7331-548X
Nneoma G OnyedireDepartment of Psychology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria.ORCID 0000-0002-4941-2300
Ike E OnyishiDepartment of Psychology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria.
Evgeny OsinHSE University, Moscow, Russia.ORCID 0000-0003-3330-5647
Seniha ÖzdenDepartment of Psychology, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey.
Penny PanagiotopoulouDepartment of Education and Social Work, University of Patras, Patras, Greece.
Oleksandr PereverzievPOLLSTER, Kiev, Ukraine.
Lorena R Perez-FlorianoUniversidad Diego Portales, Santiago, Chile.ORCID 0000-0001-6898-7794
Anna-Maija Pirttilä-BackmanFaculty of Social Sciences, Social Psychology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.ORCID 0000-0002-7437-9645
Marianna PogosyanLeadership and Management, Amsterdam Business School (ABS), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Jana RaverQueen's University at Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
Cecilia ReynaInstituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas (IIPsi), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET); CABA, Córdoba, Argentina.ORCID 0000-0002-6097-4961
Ricardo Borges RodriguesCentro de Investigação e Intervenção Social, Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), Lisbon, Portugal.
Sara RomanòDepartment of Culture, Politics, and Society, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
Pedro P RomeroSchool of Economics, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador.ORCID 0000-0002-2616-4498
Inari SakkiFaculty of Social Sciences, Social Psychology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.ORCID 0000-0001-8717-5804
Angel SánchezGrupo Interdisciplinar de Sistemas Complejos (GISC), Departamento de Matemáticas, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Leganés, Spain.ORCID 0000-0003-1874-2881
Sara SherbajiDepartment of Psychology, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.ORCID 0000-0002-7815-8962
Brent SimpsonDepartment of Sociology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-9468-157X
Lorenzo SpadoniDepartment of Economics and Law, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Cassino (FR), Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-1208-2897
Eftychia StamkouDepartment of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Giovanni A TravaglinoRoyal Holloway, University of London, Egham, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-4091-0634
Paul A M Van LangeDepartment of Experimental and Applied Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0001-7774-6984
Fiona Fira WinataFaculty of Psychology, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.
Rizqy Amelia ZeinFaculty of Psychology, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.ORCID 0000-0001-7840-0299
Qing-Peng ZhangGuangzhou University, Guangzhou, P. R. China.
Kimmo ErikssonInstitute for Futures Studies, Stockholm, Sweden.ORCID 0000-0002-7164-0924
Funding
European Research CouncilKnut och Alice Wallenbergs Stiftelse (Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation) 2016.0167.Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Università e della Ricerca (Ministry of Education, University and Research) 20178TRM3FNederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research) 019.183SG.001
Abstract
The emergence of COVID-19 dramatically changed social behavior across societies and contexts. Here we study whether social norms also changed. Specifically, we study this question for cultural tightness (the degree to which societies generally have strong norms), specific social norms (e.g. stealing, hand washing), and norms about enforcement, using survey data from 30,431 respondents in 43 countries recorded before and in the early stages following the emergence of COVID-19. Using variation in disease intensity, we shed light on the mechanisms predicting changes in social norm measures. We find evidence that, after the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, hand washing norms increased while tightness and punishing frequency slightly decreased but observe no evidence for a robust change in most other norms. Thus, at least in the short term, our findings suggest that cultures are largely stable to pandemic threats except in those norms, hand washing in this case, that are perceived to be directly relevant to dealing with the collective threat.
Indexed as
COVID-19Social NormsHumansPandemicsSocial BehaviorSurveys and Questionnaires
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