Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38365236›Full record

ReviewThe ISME journal2024

Megataxonomy and global ecology of the virosphere.

Eugene V Koonin, Jens H Kuhn, Valerian V Dolja, Mart Krupovic

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in The ISME journal, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
42citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

42 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Why did some viruses evolve to be giants while others did not?Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
    Article
  2. Bacterial and human exonucleases mediate interkingdom antiviral immunity.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
    Article
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  18. Evolutionarily conserved grammar rules viral factories of amoeba-infecting members of the hyperdiverseProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Eugene V KooninNational Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, United States.ORCID 0000-0003-3943-8299
Jens H KuhnIntegrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-7800-6045
Valerian V DoljaDepartment of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-8148-4670
Mart KrupovicInstitut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Archaeal Virology Unit, 75015 Paris, France.ORCID 0000-0001-5486-0098

Funding

Comparative Analysis Of Completely Sequenced GenomesZIALM000073 · NLM · NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE · PI KOONIN, EUGENE V · 2009 to 2025
$43.1M
NIAID NIH HHS HHSN272201800013CNIH HHSNLM NIH HHS
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Nearly all organisms are hosts to multiple viruses that collectively appear to be the most abundant biological entities in the biosphere. With recent advances in metagenomics and metatranscriptomics, the known diversity of viruses substantially expanded. Comparative analysis of these viruses using advanced computational methods culminated in the reconstruction of the evolution of major groups of viruses and enabled the construction of a virus megataxonomy, which has been formally adopted by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. This comprehensive taxonomy consists of six virus realms, which are aspired to be monophyletic and assembled based on the conservation of hallmark proteins involved in capsid structure formation or genome replication. The viruses in different major taxa substantially differ in host range and accordingly in ecological niches. In this review article, we outline the latest developments in virus megataxonomy and the recent discoveries that will likely lead to reassessment of some major taxa, in particular, split of three of the current six realms into two or more independent realms. We then discuss the correspondence between virus taxonomy and the distribution of viruses among hosts and ecological niches, as well as the abundance of viruses versus cells in different habitats. The distribution of viruses across environments appears to be primarily determined by the host ranges, i.e. the virome is shaped by the composition of the biome in a given habitat, which itself is affected by abiotic factors.

Indexed as

VirusesEcologyGenome, ViralMetagenomicsPhylogenymetagenomicsmetatranscriptomicsvirus ecologyvirus evolutionvirus host rangevirus taxonomy

Identifiers

PMID38365236
PMCPMC10848233

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.