ReviewThe Lancet. Global health2024
An indicator framework for the monitoring and evaluation of event-based surveillance systems.
Review in The Lancet. Global health, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed.
- Open-source intelligence in public health: a decision-centred framework.European journal of public health · 2026Article
- Climate Change and Emerging Arboviral Threats in Saudi Arabia: Epidemiology, Vector Ecology, and One Health Preparedness.Infectious disease reports · 2026Review
- Early Detection Intervals for Evaluating Event-Based Surveillance System: Reference Dataset Development Study.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2026Article
- Design and implementation of an evaluation framework for the Epidemic Intelligence from Open Sources (EIOS) system for international public health intelligence at the Robert Koch Institute, Germany, 2023.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2026Article
- PrepCare: a two-stage framework for infectious disease prioritization and alerts for nursing preparedness.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Mapping the global public health intelligence landscape: a multiregional cross-sectional survey.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Community-based surveillance programs in Cameroon, Chad, Niger and the DRC: a comparative assessment of integration in humanitarian crisis contexts.Conflict and health · 2025Article
- Preventive Immunology for Livestock and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases in the One Health Era: From Mechanistic Insights to Innovative Interventions.Veterinary sciences · 2025Review
- A conceptual framework for the public health monitoring of substance-related harms.Health promotion and chronic disease prevention in Canada : research, policy and practice · 2025Article
- Accelerating Community Engagement: Measuring Results.International journal of public health · 2025Article
- Piloting an event-based surveillance model in private hospitals for early detection of disease clusters, Kerala, India.The Indian journal of medical research · 2025Article
- Event-based surveillance in the WHO African region: baseline implementation before the COVID-19 pandemic.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Establishing an early warning event management system at Africa CDC.PLOS digital health · 2024Article
- Improved cholera control in Kenya: A retrospective analysis of 2017-2019 in Nairobi and Homabay.Journal of public health in Africa · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Event-based surveillance (EBS) systems have been implemented globally to support early warning surveillance across human, animal, and environmental health in diverse settings, including at the community level, within health facilities, at border points of entry, and through media monitoring of internet-based sources. EBS systems should be evaluated periodically to ensure that they meet the objectives related to the early detection of health threats and to identify areas for improvement in the quality, efficiency, and usefulness of the systems. However, to date, there has been no comprehensive framework to guide the monitoring and evaluation of EBS systems; this absence of standardisation has hindered progress in the field. The Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention and US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention have collaborated to develop an EBS monitoring and evaluation indicator framework, adaptable to specific country contexts, that uses measures relating to input, activity, output, outcome, and impact to map the processes and expected results of EBS systems. Through the implementation and continued refinement of these indicators, countries can ensure the early detection of health threats and improve their ability to measure and describe the impacts of EBS systems, thus filling the current evidence gap regarding their effectiveness.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.