ArticleArchives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists2024
Development and Validity of Norms for Cognitive Dispersion on the Uniform Data Set 3.0 Neuropsychological Battery.
Article in Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Associations of cognitive intraindividual variability with Alzheimer's disease risk: A systematic review.The Clinical neuropsychologist · 2026Pooled it
- Cognitive dispersion is associated with white matter hyperintensities in amyloid positive older adults.The Clinical neuropsychologist · 2026Article
- Reliability and stability of cognitive intraindividual variability indices among cognitively unimpaired older adults.The Clinical neuropsychologist · 2026Article
- Your brain doesn't look a day past 70! Cross-sectional associations with brain-predicted age in the cognitively-intact oldest-old.GeroScience · 2026Article
- App-based assessment of neurocognitive changes in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation - a prospective cohort study.Journal of geriatric cardiology : JGC · 2026Article
- Exploring the potential of cognitive intra-individual variability in HIV care and research in adults with HIV: a concept analysis.Applied neuropsychology. Adult · 2026Review
- Cognitive and Neuroimaging Biomarker Intra-Individual Variability in Alzheimer's Disease.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Cognitive dispersion profiles and prediction of cognitive change in early-onset dementias: Results from LEADS.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Data-driven clinical decision support tool for diagnosing mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease.NPJ Parkinson's disease · 2026Article
- Cognitive dispersion in established adulthood: etiology and implications for cognitive aging.Innovation in aging · 2026Article
- Dispersion-based cognitive intra-individual variability in former American football players: Association with traumatic encephalopathy syndrome, repetitive head impacts, and biomarkers.The Clinical neuropsychologist · 2025Article
- Executive Functions are Independently Associated with Cognitive Dispersion in HIV Disease.Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists · 2025Article
- Examining the Stability and Predictive Utility of Across- and Within-Domain Intra-Individual Variability in Mild Cognitive Impairment.Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists · 2025Article
- Cognitive dispersion and its functional relevance in behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia and prodromal behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia.Neuropsychology · 2024Article
- Application of the Uniform Data Set version 3 tele-adapted test battery (T-cog) for remote cognitive assessment preoperatively in older adults.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2024Article
- Linking cognitive variability and Alzheimer's disease biomarkers by neurocognitive status.Alzheimer's & dementia (Amsterdam, Netherlands)Article
- Refining cognitive dispersion metrics for brain-behavior prediction in aging and mild cognitive impairment.Alzheimer's & dementia (Amsterdam, Netherlands)Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveCognitive dispersion indexes intraindividual variability in performance across a battery of neuropsychological tests. Measures of dispersion show promise as markers of cognitive dyscontrol and everyday functioning difficulties; however, they have limited practical applicability due to a lack of normative data. This study aimed to develop and evaluate normed scores for cognitive dispersion among older adults.
methodWe analyzed data from 4,283 cognitively normal participants aged ≥50 years from the Uniform Data Set (UDS) 3.0. We describe methods for calculating intraindividual standard deviation (ISD) and coefficient of variation (CoV), as well as associated unadjusted scaled scores and demographically adjusted z-scores. We also examined the ability of ISD and CoV scores to differentiate between cognitively normal individuals (n = 4,283) and those with cognitive impairment due to Lewy body disease (n = 282).
resultsWe generated normative tables to map raw ISD and CoV scores onto a normal distribution of scaled scores. Cognitive dispersion indices were associated with age, education, and race/ethnicity but not sex. Regression equations were used to develop a freely accessible Excel calculator for deriving demographically adjusted normed scores for ISD and CoV. All measures of dispersion demonstrated excellent diagnostic utility when evaluated by the area under the curve produced from receiver operating characteristic curves.
conclusionsResults of this study provide evidence for the clinical utility of sample-based and demographically adjusted normative standards for cognitive dispersion on the UDS 3.0. These standards can be used to guide interpretation of intraindividual variability among older adults in clinical and research settings.
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