ArticlemBio2024
SARS-CoV-2 evolution during prolonged infection in immunocompromised patients.
Article in mBio, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy and safety of antiviral therapies for the treatment of persistent COVID-19 in immunocompromised patients since the Omicron surge: a systematic review.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2025Pooled it
- Enriching Public Pathogen Genomic Records With Patient Metadata: Quantitative Study and Exploratory Case Analysis.JMIR bioinformatics and biotechnology · 2026Article
- Within-host SARS-CoV-2 diversity in immunocompromised patients during acute infection.Journal of virology · 2026Article
- Adoptive T-cell therapies for persistent COVID-19 in immunocompromised patients: Comparison of IFN-γ virus-specific T-cell therapy and CD45RAGeroScience · 2026Article
- Stringent selection drives convergence toward omicron-like SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding motifs.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Viral evolution during primary infection in immunocompromised hosts.PLoS computational biology · 2026Article
- Intrahost viral evolution of SARS-CoV-2 infections in rheumatic versus hematological patients with severe iatrogenic immunosuppression.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Enhanced Isolation and Detection of COVID-19 in Hospitalized Patients Undergoing Antiviral Therapy.Emerging infectious diseases · 2026Article
- The Role of Immunosenescence and Inflammaging in the Susceptibility of Older Adults to SARS-CoV-2 Infection.Current pharmaceutical biotechnology · 2026Review
- Prolonged SARS-CoV-2 infection in hematologic malignancies: clinical impact, risk factors and intra-host viral evolution.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Observational
- Intrahost population dynamics of chikungunya virus in humans and naturally infectedVirus evolution · 2026Article
- A public health perspective of SARS-CoV-2 evolution and surveillance strategies in Germany from 2020 to 2023.Communications medicine · 2025Review
- A Metadata-Driven Framework for Strengthening Pathogen Genomics Lessons from SARS-CoV-2.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Genomic and epidemiologic characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 persistent infections in California, January 2021 - July 2023.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Article
- Matryoshka Dolls of Virus Evolution: The Internal Forces That Shape Viral Fate.Integrative and comparative biology · 2025Article
- Relationship Between Cell Surface Viral Glycoprotein Expression and Resistance of Parainfluenza Virus Persistently Infected Cells to Complement-Mediated Lysis.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Review
- Clinical Characteristics and Treatment Efficacy in Patients With SARS-CoV-2 Positivity After Nirmatrelvir-Ritonavir Therapy.Journal of medical virology · 2025Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Prolonged infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in immunocompromised patients provides an opportunity for viral evolution, potentially leading to the generation of new pathogenic variants. To investigate the pathways of viral evolution, we carried out a study on five patients experiencing prolonged SARS-CoV-2 infection (quantitative polymerase chain reaction-positive for 79-203 days) who were immunocompromised due to treatment for lymphoma or solid organ transplantation. For each timepoint analyzed, we generated at least two independent viral genome sequences to assess the heterogeneity and control for sequencing error. Four of the five patients likely had prolonged infection; the fifth apparently experienced a reinfection. The rates of accumulation of substitutions in the viral genome per day were higher in hospitalized patients with prolonged infection than those estimated for the community background. The IMPORTANCE: SARS-CoV-2 is responsible for a global pandemic, driven in part by the emergence of new viral variants. Where do these new variants come from? One model is that long-term viral persistence in infected individuals allows for viral evolution in response to host pressures, resulting in viruses more likely to replicate efficiently in humans. In this study, we characterize replication in several hospitalized and long-term infected individuals, documenting efficient pathways of viral evolution.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.