Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38363839›Full record

ArticleScience advances2024

Encoding of melody in the human auditory cortex.

Narayan Sankaran, Matthew K Leonard, Frederic Theunissen, Edward F Chang

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Science advances, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
25citing papers in PubMed
9.3field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

25 citing papers in PubMed, 27 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Heart rate control by listening to light.Nature communications · 2026
    Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Contrastive adaptation in perception of speech versus song.Attention, perception & psychophysics · 2026
    Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
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  9. Article
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  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Review
  18. Core systems of music perception.Trends in cognitive sciences · 2025
    Review
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Narayan SankaranDepartment of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-6788-3878
Matthew K LeonardDepartment of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-8530-880X
Frederic TheunissenDepartment of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, 2121 Berkeley Way, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-8980-0650
Edward F ChangDepartment of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-2480-4700
University of California, San Francisco · USUniversity of California, Berkeley · US

Funding

Functional organization of the superior temporal gyrus for speech perceptionR01DC012379 · NIDCD · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI Edward Chang · 2012 to 2026
$8.3M
NIDCD NIH HHS R01 DC012379
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Melody is a core component of music in which discrete pitches are serially arranged to convey emotion and meaning. Perception varies along several pitch-based dimensions: (i) the absolute pitch of notes, (ii) the difference in pitch between successive notes, and (iii) the statistical expectation of each note given prior context. How the brain represents these dimensions and whether their encoding is specialized for music remains unknown. We recorded high-density neurophysiological activity directly from the human auditory cortex while participants listened to Western musical phrases. Pitch, pitch-change, and expectation were selectively encoded at different cortical sites, indicating a spatial map for representing distinct melodic dimensions. The same participants listened to spoken English, and we compared responses to music and speech. Cortical sites selective for music encoded expectation, while sites that encoded pitch and pitch-change in music used the same neural code to represent equivalent properties of speech. Findings reveal how the perception of melody recruits both music-specific and general-purpose sound representations.

Indexed as

Auditory CortexMusicBrainHumansLanguagePitch Perception

Identifiers

PMID38363839
PMCPMC10871532
OpenAlexW4391877539

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.