ArticleClinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico2024
Comparison of the efficacy and safety of anlotinib monotherapy or anlotinib plus immune checkpoint inhibitor for advanced small cell lung cancer with brain metastases.
Article in Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 6 citations in OpenAlex.
- Real-World Safety of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Systematic Review of Comparative Cohort Studies.Current oncology reports · 2026Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of anlotinib combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors in the treatment of extensive-stage small cell lung cancer: a meta-analysis based on real-world data.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Anlotinib inhibits esophageal cancer malignancy by ameliorating the immune microenvironment.Discover oncology · 2026Article
- Anlotinib combined with temozolomide for brain metastases in small cell lung cancer with early recurrence after whole-brain radiotherapy: a case report.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Effectiveness and Safety of Anlotinib-Related Therapeutic Regimens in Patients with Previously Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors-Treated Advanced NSCLC: A Real-World Exploratory Study.Drug design, development and therapy · 2025Article
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Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAnlotinib, as a salvage treatment for patients after failure of third-line or later-line treatments for small cell lung cancer (SCLC), has shown efficacy in patients with brain metastases (BMs). However, the efficacy and safety of anlotinib alone or in combination with immunotherapy for SCLC with BMs remain unclear.
methodPatients treated with anlotinib alone or in combination with an immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) at the Zhejiang Cancer Hospital between April 2019 and February 2023 were identified. Kaplan-Meier curves were used to describe the progression-free survival (PFS) and intracranial PFS (iPFS). A waterfall diagram was used to indicate changes in intracranial lesions.
resultsA total of 48 patients were included; 29 received anlotinib alone, and 19 were administered anlotinib plus ICI. Combination therapy, compared with anlotinib, was associated with significantly longer PFS and iPFS (PFS: 8.1 months vs. 2.5 months, P < 0.001; iPFS: 8.1 months vs. 2.5 months, P = 0.004). Similar results were observed in patients with multiple BMs (PFS: 8.1 months vs. 1.9 months, P = 0.001; iPFS: 8.1 months vs. 1.9 months, P = 0.002). After third-line or later-line treatments, patients treated with ICI plus anlotinib also achieved significant PFS and iPFS benefits (PFS: 8.4 months vs. 2.1 months, P < 0.001; iPFS: 9.2 months vs. 2.1 months, P = 0.002). No new or severe adverse events were observed with combination therapy.
conclusionThe combination of anlotinib and ICI has promising intracranial and extracranial efficacy with tolerable toxicity, and may be a therapeutic option for SCLC patients with BMs.
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