ReviewDie Ophthalmologie2024
[New and future treatment approaches for allergic conjunctivitis].
Review in Die Ophthalmologie, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 4 citations in OpenAlex.
- Alleviation of Allergic Rhinoconjunctivitis Symptoms in Participants Treated with a 0.005% Tacrolimus Eye-Drop Solution.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2024Trial
- Bioactive Properties of Carotenoids in Ocular Diseases: Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Neuroprotective Effects.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Knowledge attitude and practice of patients with allergic conjunctivitis towards their disease.Scientific reports · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundIn severe and recurrent ocular allergies conventional ophthalmic drugs can reach their limits, especially in chronic forms. The first novel immunomodulators and biologicals are already in clinical use and could provide relief.
objectiveBased on the immunopathophysiological mechanisms of ocular allergies, possible targets for innovative treatment approaches are presented. An overview of promising new and future immunomodulators and biologicals and their modes of action is also given. MATERIAL AND
methodsCurrent reviews on ocular allergies and the treatment of systemic allergic diseases were screened. Case reports on the treatment of ocular allergy using immunomodulators and biologicals were analyzed. The clinical relevance and possible applications are presented.
resultsIn chronic forms of ocular allergies, complex ocular surface inflammatory responses mediated via immunoglobulin E (IgE), mast cells, CD4-positive type 2 T‑helper cells and eosinophilic granulocytes are predominant. Cyclosporine A 0.1% eyedrops have been approved in Europe since 2018 for children aged 4 years and older with severe vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC). In addition, case reports present promising data on the systemic off-label use of biologicals, such as dupilumab or omalizumab, in refractory VKC or atopic keratoconjunctivitis (AKC).
conclusionA profound understanding of the immunopathophysiology of ocular allergies is necessary to detect further targets for future immunomodulators and biologicals. Currently, immunomodulatory therapy remains limited to cyclosporine A eyedrops. Other immunomodulatory agents, such as tacrolimus and biologicals can only be used off-label. Further studies on the controlled clinical use of these substances in the treatment of VKC or AKC are underway.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.