ReviewThe European respiratory journal2024
Core outcome measurement set for research and clinical practice in post-COVID-19 condition (long COVID) in children and young people: an international Delphi consensus study "PC-COS Children".
Review in The European respiratory journal, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pediatric efficacy and safety in common cold treated with herbal medicine (PEACH): a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Pooled it
- Risk Factors for Pediatric Critical COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society · 2024Pooled it
- The Burden of Long-COVID-19 Among Pediatric Subjects: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Development of the long COVID - 6 dimensions quality of life (LC-6D-QoL) scale: a Delphi study.Journal of patient-reported outcomes · 2026Article
- Rethinking measurement of health outcomes in Long COVID: complexities, challenges and considerations.Health and quality of life outcomes · 2026Article
- Children and adolescents: Respiratory infection and long-term effects longitudinal study (CARE Study): Study protocol.PloS one · 2026Article
- Long COVID in children and young people: then and now.Current opinion in infectious diseases · 2025Review
- Article
- Distinct pro-inflammatory/pro-angiogenetic signatures distinguish children with Long COVID from controls.Pediatric research · 2025Article
- Post-Covid-19 Symptoms in Children: A Cross-Sectional Survey.Journal of paediatrics and child health · 2025Article
- Quality of life and mental health in children with long COVID.Communications medicine · 2025Article
- Characterizing Long COVID Symptoms During Early Childhood.JAMA pediatrics · 2025Article
- Equity in research: a global consensus statement on the urgency of including children in long COVID clinical trials.The European respiratory journal · 2025Article
- The COVID-19 pandemic in children and young people during 2022-24: what new did we learn?Journal of global health · 2025Article
- Unraveling Dysgeusia in SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Clinical and Laboratory Insights from Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients in Romania.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Long COVID in pediatric age: an observational, prospective, longitudinal, multicenter study in Italy.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Observational
- Use of in silico research in the development of abdominal and thoracic surgical devices: a systematic review.BMJ innovations · 2025Article
- Adolescents with Persistent Symptoms Following Acute SARS-CoV-2 Infection (Long-COVID): Symptom Profile, Clustering and Follow-Up Symptom Evaluation.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Postacute Sequelae of COVID-19 in Pediatric Patients Within the United States: A Scoping Review.American journal of medicine open · 2024Article
- Experiences of physiotherapists working with adults living with Long COVID in Canada: a qualitative study.BMJ open · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
41 authors at 20 institutions in 10 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic substantially impacted different age groups, with children and young people not exempted. Many have experienced enduring health consequences. Presently, there is no consensus on the health outcomes to assess in children and young people with post-COVID-19 condition. Furthermore, it is unclear which measurement instruments are appropriate for use in research and clinical management of children and young people with post-COVID-19. To address these unmet needs, we conducted a consensus study, aiming to develop a core outcome set (COS) and an associated core outcome measurement set (COMS) for evaluating post-COVID-19 condition in children and young people. Our methodology comprised of two phases. In phase 1 (to create a COS), we performed an extensive literature review and categorisation of outcomes, and prioritised those outcomes in a two-round online modified Delphi process followed by a consensus meeting. In phase 2 (to create the COMS), we performed another modified Delphi consensus process to evaluate measurement instruments for previously defined core outcomes from phase 1, followed by an online consensus workshop to finalise recommendations regarding the most appropriate instruments for each core outcome. In phase 1, 214 participants from 37 countries participated, with 154 (72%) contributing to both Delphi rounds. The subsequent online consensus meeting resulted in a final COS which encompassed seven critical outcomes: fatigue; post-exertion symptoms; work/occupational and study changes; as well as functional changes, symptoms, and conditions relating to cardiovascular, neuro-cognitive, gastrointestinal and physical outcomes. In phase 2, 11 international experts were involved in a modified Delphi process, selecting measurement instruments for a subsequent online consensus workshop where 30 voting participants discussed and independently scored the selected instruments. As a result of this consensus process, four instruments met
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.