ArticlePLoS neglected tropical diseases2024
Old tools, new applications: Use of environmental bacteriophages for typhoid surveillance and evaluating vaccine impact.
Article in PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic review on the laboratory methodology for conducting wastewater and environmental surveillance forFrontiers in public health · 2026Pooled it
- The association between vaccine coverage and herd protection: exploratory analyses of a cluster-randomised trial of Vi conjugate vaccine.EClinicalMedicine · 2026Article
- Genomic diversity and clade clustering ofiScience · 2026Article
- Article
- Rapid, low-cost colorimetric detection ofmBio · 2025Article
- Enhancing Typhoid Fever Diagnosis Based on Clinical Data Using a Lightweight Machine Learning Metamodel.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Genome sequences of bacteriophages that infectMicrobiology resource announcements · 2025Article
- Reuse, Repurpose, and Recycle: Bacteriophages and Microbial Surveillance (1921-2023).PHAGE (New Rochelle, N.Y.) · 2024Review
- Longitudinal wastewater-based surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 during 2023 in Ethiopia.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Typhoid-conjugate vaccines (TCVs) provide an opportunity to reduce the burden of typhoid fever, caused by Salmonella Typhi, in endemic areas. As policymakers design vaccination strategies, accurate and high-resolution data on disease burden is crucial. However, traditional blood culture-based surveillance is resource-extensive, prohibiting its large-scale and sustainable implementation. Salmonella Typhi is a water-borne pathogen, and here, we tested the potential of Typhi-specific bacteriophage surveillance in surface water bodies as a low-cost tool to identify where Salmonella Typhi circulates in the environment. In 2021, water samples were collected and tested for the presence of Salmonella Typhi bacteriophages at two sites in Bangladesh: urban capital city, Dhaka, and a rural district, Mirzapur. Salmonella Typhi-specific bacteriophages were detected in 66 of 211 (31%) environmental samples in Dhaka, in comparison to 3 of 92 (3%) environmental samples from Mirzapur. In the same year, 4,620 blood cultures at the two largest pediatric hospitals of Dhaka yielded 215 (5%) culture-confirmed typhoid cases, and 3,788 blood cultures in the largest hospital of Mirzapur yielded 2 (0.05%) cases. 75% (52/69) of positive phage samples were collected from sewage. All isolated phages were tested against a panel of isolates from different Salmonella Typhi genotypes circulating in Bangladesh and were found to exhibit a diverse killing spectrum, indicating that diverse bacteriophages were isolated. These results suggest an association between the presence of Typhi-specific phages in the environment and the burden of typhoid fever, and the potential of utilizing environmental phage surveillance as a low-cost tool to assist policy decisions on typhoid control.
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