Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38358159›Full record

ArticleAnnals of African medicine

Estimated prevalence study of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder among eastern province children in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Foziah Jabbar AlShamrani, Noor AlMohish, Danah AlJaafari, Majed AlAbdali, Erum Shariff, Azra Zafar, Rizwana Shahid, Abdullah AlNahdi, Fahad AlDawsari, Shakel Ahmad and 3 more

Open access · hybridAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Annals of African medicine. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
0.4field-weighted citation impact, top 35% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed, 2 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Prevalence of ADHD Among Saudi Children and Adolescents.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026
    Article
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Foziah Jabbar AlShamraniDepartment of Neurology, King Fahd Hospital of the University, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
Noor AlMohishDepartment of Neurology, King Fahd Hospital of the University, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
Danah AlJaafariDepartment of Neurology, King Fahd Hospital of the University, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
Majed AlAbdaliDepartment of Neurology, King Fahd Hospital of the University, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
Erum ShariffDepartment of Neurology, King Fahd Hospital of the University, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
Azra ZafarDepartment of Neurology, King Fahd Hospital of the University, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
Rizwana ShahidDepartment of Neurology, King Fahd Hospital of the University, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
Abdullah AlNahdiDepartment of Neurology, King Fahd Hospital of the University, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
Fahad AlDawsariDepartment of Neurology, King Fahd Hospital of the University, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
Shakel AhmadCollege of Medicine, King Faisal University, Hofuf, Saudi Arabia.
Ghusoon AlMoaibedCollege of Medicine, King Faisal University, Hofuf, Saudi Arabia.
Narjes AlRamadhanCollege of Medicine, King Faisal University, Hofuf, Saudi Arabia.
Munirah AlAbdulqaderCollege of Medicine, King Faisal University, Hofuf, Saudi Arabia.
King Fahd Hospital of the University · SAKing Faisal University · SA

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Studying mental disorders in children is significantly important due to the huge suffering of educational and psychosocial impairments in adult life. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is considered the most common mental disorder in children, especially in early school-aged children. It manifests in about 8%-12% of children in the world. In Saudi Arabia, it affects 4%-12% of children. Objective: The study aimed to count the number of undiagnosed ADHD cases and the associated risk factors in Eastern Province in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed among girls' and boys' children aged 6-10 years old in Eastern Province in KSA with a random selection of parents. Sample size is equal to 1658. The assessment was done by an online questionnaire filled it by parents using Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition diagnostic criteria and Connor's scale of ADHD excluding any developmental or mental disorder at the beginning of the questionnaire. Results: After excluding the participants who were diagnosed with behavioral and growth developmental disorder, the remaining 1430 have been screened for ADHD based on Connor's scale. 185 of a child out of 1430 were suggested to have ADHD, of which 10 out of them show the signs of ADHD, 76 of them have moderately severe ADHD, and 99 out of them have atypical or severe ADHD based on Connor's scale of ADHD. The study shows that there is a significant relationship between the positive screening of ADHD and gender males (71.35%), females (28.64%), family history (20.5%), nervous system diseases (4.32%), brain damage from trauma (9.72%), smoking habit of the mother (8.64%), smoking during pregnancy (3.78%), mother exposure to second-hand smoking (42.16%), child exposure to a toxic substance like lead during the early life (1.62%), and the preterm labor (15.13%). However, the study shows there is no significant relationship between the positive screening of ADHD with age, drinking alcohol, and central nervous system infection. Conclusion: The prevalence of undiagnosed ADHD is slightly high. Also, it has many causes of ADHD including gender, smoking, parental psychiatric disorders, and obstetric and pregnancy problems.

Indexed as

Attention Deficit Disorder with HyperactivityAdultChildCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansInfant, NewbornMaleParentsPregnancySaudi ArabiaSurveys and QuestionnairesAttentionattention-deficit/hyperactivity disorderEastern ProvincehyperactivityKingdom of Saudi Arabia

Identifiers

PMID38358159
PMCPMC10775939
OpenAlexW4388563834

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-SA
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.