ArticleJournal of sleep research2024
Paradoxical breathing during sleep is associated with increased sleep apnea and reduced ventilatory capacities in high-level spinal cord injury.
Article in Journal of sleep research, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 2 citations in OpenAlex.
- Respiratory consequences of cervical spinal cord injury: insights from preclinical models.Breathe (Sheffield, England) · 2026Review
- An update on sleep disordered breathing in spinal cord injury.Current opinion in pulmonary medicine · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Sleep-disordered breathing is highly prevalent in individuals with high-level spinal cord injury. In addition, chest mechanics are known to be altered, leading to paradoxical breathing. Here we investigated the interaction between paradoxical breathing and sleep quality in these patients, and its association with measurements of respiratory function, hypercapnic ventilatory response and peak exercise ventilation. Home-based polysomnography was performed in 13 patients with spinal cord injury (C4 to T4) untreated for sleep-disordered breathing. We defined paradoxical breathing as counterphase between thoracic and abdominal movements during slow-wave and rapid eye movement sleep. Sleep quality, pulmonary function, hypercapnic ventilatory responses and peak exercise ventilation were compared between those with and without paradoxical breathing. Half of individuals presented with nocturnal paradoxical breathing. Despite similar age, body mass index, injury level, time since injury, and respiratory function, those with paradoxical breathing had higher apnea-hypopnea index (13 ± 8 versus 5 ± 3 events per hr) and average sleep heart rate (67 ± 12 versus 54 ± 4 bpm; p < 0.05). Moreover, paradoxical breathing was associated with lower hypercapnic ventilatory response (slope: 0.35 ± 0.17 versus 0.96 ± 0.38) and lower peak exercise ventilation (33 ± 4 versus 48 ± 12 L min
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Registered trials
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