Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38355318›Full record

ArticleVaccine2024

Repurposing rapid diagnostic tests to detect falsified vaccines in supply chains.

Tehmina Bharucha, Bevin Gangadharan, Rebecca Clarke, Laura Gomez Fernandez, Benediktus Yohan Arman, John Walsby-Tickle, Michael Deats, Sara Mosca, Qianqi Lin, Robert Stokes and 8 more

Open access · hybridAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Vaccine, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
3.2field-weighted citation impact, top 8% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed, 6 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Enhancing vaccine stability in transdermal microneedle platforms.Drug delivery and translational research · 2025
    Review
  4. Article
  5. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

18 authors at 7 institutions in 4 countries.

Tehmina BharuchaDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK; Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK; Lao-Oxford-Mahosot Hospital-Wellcome Trust Research Unit (LOMWRU), Microbiology Laboratory, Mahosot Hospital, Vientiane, Lao Democratic People's Republic. Electronic address: t.bharucha@doctors.org.uk.
Bevin GangadharanDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK; Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK.
Rebecca ClarkeDepartment of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK.
Laura Gomez FernandezDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK; Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK.
Benediktus Yohan ArmanDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK; Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK.
John Walsby-TickleDepartment of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK.
Michael DeatsCentre for Tropical Medicine & Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LG, UK.
Sara MoscaCentral Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, STFC Rutherford-Appleton Laboratory, UKRI, Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 0QX, UK.
Qianqi LinCentral Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, STFC Rutherford-Appleton Laboratory, UKRI, Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 0QX, UK.
Robert StokesAgilent Technologies LDA UK, Becquerel Avenue, Didcot OX11 0RA, UK.
Susanna DunachieCentre for Tropical Medicine & Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LG, UK; Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK.
Hamid A MerchantDepartment of Bioscience, School of Health, Sport and Bioscience, University of East London, Water Lane London E15 4LZ, UK; Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK.
Audrey Dubot-PérèsLao-Oxford-Mahosot Hospital-Wellcome Trust Research Unit (LOMWRU), Microbiology Laboratory, Mahosot Hospital, Vientiane, Lao Democratic People's Republic; Centre for Tropical Medicine & Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LG, UK; Unité Des Virus Emergents (UVE: Aix Marseille Univ, IRD190, INSERM 1207), Marseille, France.
Céline CailletLao-Oxford-Mahosot Hospital-Wellcome Trust Research Unit (LOMWRU), Microbiology Laboratory, Mahosot Hospital, Vientiane, Lao Democratic People's Republic; Centre for Tropical Medicine & Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LG, UK; Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; Infectious Diseases Data Observatory, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LG, UK.
James McCullaghDepartment of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK.
Pavel MatousekCentre for Tropical Medicine & Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LG, UK; Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, STFC Rutherford-Appleton Laboratory, UKRI, Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 0QX, UK.
Nicole ZitzmannDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK; Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK.
Paul N NewtonLao-Oxford-Mahosot Hospital-Wellcome Trust Research Unit (LOMWRU), Microbiology Laboratory, Mahosot Hospital, Vientiane, Lao Democratic People's Republic; Centre for Tropical Medicine & Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LG, UK; Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; Infectious Diseases Data Observatory, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LG, UK. Electronic address: Paul.Newton@tropmedres.ac.
University of Oxford · GBMahidol University · THRutherford Appleton Laboratory · GBAgilent Technologies (United Kingdom) · GBInserm · FRMahosot Hospital · LAUniversity of Huddersfield · GB

Funding

Medical Research Council MR/N013468/1Wellcome Trust 202935Wellcome Trust 202935/Z/16/Z
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Substandard (including degraded) and falsified (SF) vaccines are a relatively neglected issue with serious global implications for public health. This has been highlighted during the rapid and widespread rollout of COVID-19 vaccines. There has been increasing interest in devices to screen for SF non-vaccine medicines including tablets and capsules to empower inspectors and standardise surveillance. However, there has been very limited published research focussed on repurposing or developing new devices for screening for SF vaccines. To our knowledge, rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) have not been used for this purpose but have important potential for detecting falsified vaccines. We performed a proof-in-principle study to investigate their diagnostic accuracy using a diverse range of RDT-vaccine/falsified vaccine surrogate pairs. In an initial assessment, we demonstrated the utility of four RDTs in detecting seven vaccines. Subsequently, the four RDTs were evaluated by three blinded assessors with seven vaccines and four falsified vaccines surrogates. The results provide preliminary data that RDTs could be used by multiple international organisations, national medicines regulators and vaccine manufacturers/distributors to screen for falsified vaccines in supply chains, aligned with the WHO global 'Prevent, Detect and Respond' strategy.

Indexed as

Counterfeit DrugsVaccinesCOVID-19 VaccinesHumansPublic HealthRapid Diagnostic TestsCounterfeit DrugsCOVID-19 VaccinesVaccinesDiagnosticsFalsified vaccinesLateral flow testsRapid diagnostic testsScreeningSubstandard vaccines

Identifiers

PMID38355318
PMCPMC7618033
OpenAlexW4391825000

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.