ReviewImmunity2024
The B7:CD28 family and friends: Unraveling coinhibitory interactions.
Review in Immunity, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 90 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
90 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 99 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy and safety of B7-H3-targeted antibody-drug conjugates in previously treated small cell lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis with a contextual comparison to topotecan.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Trophoblast Extracellular Vesicles Rewire Immunity: A Symptom-Relief Avenue for Recessive Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2026Article
- Sex Steroid Hormone Regulation of T-Cell Function and Antitumor Immunity.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2026Review
- mTORC1 activation induces B7-H3-dependent metabolic reprogramming in renal cell carcinoma (RCC).Oncogene · 2026Article
- Metabolic exhaustion and immune ageing in rheumatoid arthritis.Nature reviews. Rheumatology · 2026Review
- Phagocytosis of necroptotic cells optimizes type 1 conventional dendritic cells for induction of a cytotoxic T-cell response.Cell death and differentiation · 2026Article
- CD73 inhibitor enhances the antitumor activity of selinexor in multiple myeloma by restoring the activation of CD8Cancer gene therapy · 2026Article
- Paracetamol and Metformin Reduce NK-Cell Susceptibility in MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells in Association with Enrichment of Immune-Evasive CD44International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Co-stimulatory signal deficiency impairs cytotoxic T lymphocyte function in tumor immune evasion: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic implications.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- Humanized and Charge-Optimized CSPG4-Specific CAR-T Cells show Enhanced Efficacy against Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- B7 costimulation antagonizes RORγt+ regulatory T cells and immune tolerance in the intestine.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2026Article
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- Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: integrating molecular insights for targeted interventions.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
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- ILC2s and their immune checkpoints in the antitumor response.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Review
- Membrane-Based Assembly and Interactions in Immune Receptors.Chemical reviews · 2026Review
- The B7 family subgroup reflects tumor cell heterogeneity and patient post-operative prognosis in gallbladder cancer.Biology direct · 2026Article
- CTLA-4 Antisense Oligonucleotide Contributes to Enhanced Immunogenicity of an Adjuvanted RecombinantVaccines · 2026Article
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30 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Immune responses must be tightly regulated to ensure both optimal protective immunity and tolerance. Costimulatory pathways within the B7:CD28 family provide essential signals for optimal T cell activation and clonal expansion. They provide crucial inhibitory signals that maintain immune homeostasis, control resolution of inflammation, regulate host defense, and promote tolerance to prevent autoimmunity. Tumors and chronic pathogens can exploit these pathways to evade eradication by the immune system. Advances in understanding B7:CD28 pathways have ushered in a new era of immunotherapy with effective drugs to treat cancer, autoimmune diseases, infectious diseases, and transplant rejection. Here, we discuss current understanding of the mechanisms underlying the coinhibitory functions of CTLA-4, PD-1, PD-L1:B7-1 and PD-L2:RGMb interactions and less studied B7 family members, including HHLA2, VISTA, BTNL2, and BTN3A1, as well as their overlapping and unique roles in regulating immune responses, and the therapeutic potential of these insights.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.