ReviewImmunity2024
LAG-3, TIM-3, and TIGIT: Distinct functions in immune regulation.
Review in Immunity, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 199 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
199 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 175 citations in OpenAlex.
- The clinical trial landscape of bispecific antibodies in non-small cell lung cancer: mechanistic trends and developmental strategies.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Pooled it
- TIGIT Expression and Its Implications in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Progression and Therapy: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Pooled it
- Safety and efficacy of human gingiva-derived mesenchymal stem cells in patients with type 1 diabetes: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, phase 1 trial.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Trial
- A Phase II Study of Stereotactic Ablative Radiotherapy plus Atezolizumab plus Tiragolumab in Treatment-Naïve Patients with Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2026Trial
- Analysis of PD1, LAG3, TIGIT, and TIM3 expression in human lung adenocarcinoma reveals a 25-gene signature predicting immunotherapy response.Cell reports. Medicine · 2024Trial
- Higher TIGIT expression in the intraperitoneal immune microenvironment is associated with shorter progression-free survival in patients with gastric cancer with peritoneal metastasis treated with intraperitoneal paclitaxel.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2026Article
- TNFα-driven epigenetic upregulation of TIGIT creates a targetable vulnerability in tumors.Oncogene · 2026Article
- LAG3 checkpoint function and its mechanism of action in therapeutic targeting.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2026Review
- αTIGIT-guided IL-15 mimetics drive potent and safe antitumor immunity by restoring tumor-infiltrating T cells.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2026Article
- The Cardio-Onco-Immune Axis: immunopathological mechanisms in the cardiac microenvironment of checkpoint inhibitor-induced myocarditis.Acta pharmacologica Sinica · 2026Review
- Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in the Tumor Microenvironment: Mechanisms, Immune Regulation, and Implications for Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Autoimmune disease patients with comorbid cancer exhibit prominent immunometabolic crosstalk.Science China. Life sciences · 2026Article
- Current status and challenges of immune checkpoint inhibitors in liver cancer: from monotherapy to combination strategies.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2026Review
- Blocking mitochondrial leucine transamination enhances T-cell activation and improves T-cell immunity against OVA-producing EL4 lymphoma.British journal of cancer · 2026Article
- Nanobody-based targeted cancer therapy and immunotherapy: fear not the future.Acta pharmacologica Sinica · 2026Review
- Review
- SPP1-positive macrophages drive trastuzumab resistance in HER2-positive breast cancer.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Article
- IL-8 blockade enhances anti-PD-1 therapeutic activity in renal cell carcinoma in a next-generation patient-derived xenograft model.iScience · 2026Article
- Virus infections and cancers: from mechanisms to therapeutics.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Review
- Review
139 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
LAG-3, TIM-3, and TIGIT comprise the next generation of immune checkpoint receptors being harnessed in the clinic. Although initially studied for their roles in restraining T cell responses, intense investigation over the last several years has started to pinpoint the unique functions of these molecules in other immune cell types. Understanding the distinct processes that these receptors regulate across immune cells and tissues will inform the clinical development and application of therapies that either antagonize or agonize these receptors, as well as the profile of potential tissue toxicity associated with their targeting. Here, we discuss the distinct functions of LAG-3, TIM-3, and TIGIT, including their contributions to the regulation of immune cells beyond T cells, their roles in disease, and the implications for their targeting in the clinic.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.