Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38352766›Full record

ArticleHeliyon2024

Disciplinary measures defining referee activity in top-European football leagues: A cross-sectional investigation.

Mohamad Nizam Nazarudin, Anwar P P Abdul Majeed, Ahmad Bisyri Husin Musawi Maliki, Mohamad Razali Abdullah, Garry Kuan, Rabiu Muazu Musa

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Heliyon, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
2.3field-weighted citation impact, top 9% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed, 2 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.

Mohamad Nizam NazarudinCenter for the Study of Education and Community Wellbeing, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
Anwar P P Abdul MajeedSchool of Robotics, XJTLU Entrepreneur College (Taicang). Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215123, China.
Ahmad Bisyri Husin Musawi MalikiDefense fitness academy, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia (UPNM) Sungai Besi Camp, 57000, Sungai Besi, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Mohamad Razali AbdullahFaculty of Health Science, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, 21300 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.
Garry KuanExercise and Sports Science Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
Rabiu Muazu MusaCentre for Fundamental and Continuing Education, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.
National Defence University of Malaysia · MYNational University of Malaysia · MYSultan Zainal Abidin University · MYUniversiti Malaysia Terengganu · MYUniversiti Sains Malaysia · MYXi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University · CN

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The success and enjoyment of a football match depend heavily on referees and their ability to ensure fair play and uphold the rules of the game. However, there is limited research investigating the disciplinary measures and booking activities of referees in top European football leagues. In the current investigation, we explored the disciplinary measures and booking activities of top-European football league referees. The dataset of the referee activities concerning 15 indicators containing 602 matches from five consecutive seasons across the five top European leagues, namely, the English Premier League, Spanish Laliga, Italian Serie A, French Ligue1, and German Bundesliga were utilized for this study. K-means cluster analysis was used to define the activity levels of the referees. The Mann-Whitney

Indexed as

Booking activityDisciplinary measuresEuropean football championshipsMisconducts offencesReferees' activity

Identifiers

PMID38352766
PMCPMC10861984
OpenAlexW4391425484

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.