ArticleClinical oral investigations2024
Biaxial flexural strength of 3D-printed 3Y-TZP zirconia using a novel ceramic printer.
Article in Clinical oral investigations, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evaluation of Fracture Resistance in CAD-CAM Additively Manufactured Occlusal Veneers.Polymers · 2026Article
- Translucency of 3D-Printed 3Y- and 5Y-Doped Zirconia.Journal of esthetic and restorative dentistry : official publication of the American Academy of Esthetic Dentistry ... [et al.] · 2026Article
- Fit of Three-Unit Posterior Fixed Dental Prostheses Made from Tetragonal Zirconia Polycrystal by 3D Printing and Milling.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Fracture Resistance of 3-Unit Zirconia Fixed Dental Prostheses Differing in Wall Thickness Fabricated by Either 3D-Printing or Milling.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2025Article
- Effects of Repeated Use and Sterilization on the Wear of Zirconia Implant Drills: A SEM-Based Analysis.Clinical and experimental dental research · 2025Article
- Biaxial Flexural Strength and Vickers Hardness of 3D-Printed and Milled 5Y Partially Stabilized Zirconia.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2025Article
- Bond Strength of Milled and Printed Zirconia to 10-Methacryloyloxydecyl Dihydrogen Phosphate (10-MDP) Resin Cement as a Function of Ceramic Conditioning, Disinfection and Ageing.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Fracture Resistance of 3D-Printed Occlusal Veneers Made from 3Y-TZP Zirconia.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesTo compare the strength and reliability of 3D-printed 3Y-TZP zirconia manufactured with various printing orientations and staining. MATERIALS AND
methodsA total of one-hundred cylindrical zirconia specimens were designed and fabricated using 3D printing and processed according to ISO 6872 standards. Of these specimens, 80 were 3D printed using the new ZIPRO-D (ZD) 3D ceramic printer. In this ZD group, 60 specimens were printed in a vertical orientation and were either stained after debinding (ZD1, x-orientation, n = 20) or not stained (ZD2, x-orientation, n = 20; ZD3, y-orientation, n = 20) and the remaining 20 specimens out of n = 80 were printed in a horizontal orientation (ZD4). Further 20 specimens out of the entire sample N = 100 were printed vertically with the CeraFab7500 3D ceramic printer (LC). All completed specimens were loaded until fracture using a universal testing machine. Biaxial flexural strengths and Weibull parameters were computed for the ZD groups and for the LC group. Group and sub-group effects were evaluated using Welch ANOVA (alpha = 0.05).
resultsThe mean (standard deviation, SD) biaxial flexural strengths of vertically oriented ZD samples with (ZD1) and without (ZD2/ZD3) staining were 811 (197) and 850 (152) MPa, respectively (p > 0.05). The ZD4 (horizontally printed), 1107 (144) MPa, and LC (1238 (327)) MPa samples had higher mean (SD) flexural strengths than the ZD1-3 specimens. No difference was observed between the ZD4 and LC group (p > 0.05). Weibull moduli were between m = 4.6 (ZD1) and 9.1 (ZD4) in the ZD group and m = 3.5 in the LC group.
conclusionsAll tested 3D-printed zirconia specimens exceeded the flexural strengths required for class 5 restorations according to ISO 6872 standards. While the flexural strengths of zirconia printed using the novel ZD device in the vertical orientation are lower than those of zirconia printed using the LC printer, the ZD printer shows at least comparable reliability. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: 3D-printing of zirconia is a new technology in dental application. Based on the presented strengths values, clinical application of 3D-printed zirconia for fixed dental protheses can be recommended.
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