ArticleBMC musculoskeletal disorders2024
Association of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and bone mineral density: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study.
Article in BMC musculoskeletal disorders, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- Artificial intelligence-based diabetes risk prediction from longitudinal DXA bone measurements.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Hip Fractures: Clinical, Biomaterial and Biomechanical Insights into a Common Health Challenge.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Insulin resistance, bone health, and fracture risk.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2024Review
- Diabetes and Osteoarthritis: Exploring the Interactions and Therapeutic Implications of Insulin, Metformin, and GLP-1-Based Interventions.Biomedicines · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundObservational studies have suggested that type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM2) is a potentially modifiable risk factor for lower BMD, but the causal relationship is unclear. This study aimed to examine whether the association of DM2 with lower BMD levels was causal by using Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses.
methodsWe collected genome-wide association study data for DM2 and BMD of total body and different skeletal sites from the IEU database. Subsequently, we performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis using the Two Sample MR package.
resultsWe identified a positive association between DM2 risk (61,714 DM2 cases and 596,424 controls) and total BMD, and other skeletal sites BMD, such as femoral neck BMD, ultra-distal forearm BMD and heel BMD. However, non-significant trends were observed for the effects of DM2 on lumbar-spine BMD.
conclusionIn two-sample MR analyses, there was positive causal relationship between DM2 and BMD in both overall samples. In summary, while observational analyses consistently indicate a strong association between DM2 and low BMD, our MR analysis introduces a nuanced perspective. Contrary to the robust association observed in observational studies, our MR analysis suggests a significant link between DM2 and elevated BMD.
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Registered trials
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