ArticleJournal of racial and ethnic health disparities2025
Mental Health Status by Race, Ethnicity and Socioeconomic Status among Young Adults in Texas during COVID-19.
Article in Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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4 citing papers in PubMed, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- Understanding the Impact of Exposure to Different Types of Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors.AJPM focus · 2026Article
- Longitudinal changes in occupational well-being: a four-wave panel survey of employees in Switzerland and Germany.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Blunt smoking during emerging adulthood: Characterizing transitions in cannabis and cigar co-use among a diverse cohort in Texas.Addictive behaviors · 2024Article
- Association between personality traits and symptoms of depression and anxiety via emotional regulation and distress tolerance.PloS one · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
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Abstract
backgroundDifferences in symptoms of depression and anxiety by race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status (SES) among a diverse cohort of young adults during the COVID-19 pandemic (Spring 2020-Fall 2021) have not been examined.
methodWe analyzed four waves of biannual, panel data from n = 2629 emerging adults (16-25 years old) from the Texas Adolescent Tobacco and Marketing Surveillance study (TATAMS). We conducted a series of mixed effects ordinal logistic regression models to compare the independent and joint effects of race/ethnicity and SES on symptoms of (a) depression and (b) anxiety, adjusting for sex, cohort, and time.
resultsSymptoms of depression (aOR range: 1.54 - 2.19; 95% CI: 1.02 - 3.08) and anxiety (aOR range: 1.64 - 2.19; 95% CI: 1.22 - 2.79) were elevated among low SES young adults, across all racial/ethnic groups. Across SES groups, symptoms of depression were lower among non-Hispanic Blacks compared to non-Hispanic Whites (aOR range: 0.33 - 0.41; 95% CI: 0.18 - 0.62) and Hispanics /Latinos (aOR range: 0.33 - 0.38; 95% CI: 0.20 - 0.57); similarly, symptoms of anxiety were lower among non-Hispanic Blacks compared to non-Hispanic Whites (aOR range: 0.44; 95% CI: 25 - 0.77) and Hispanics/Latinos (aOR range: 0.47 - 0.56; 95% CI: 0.29 - 0.83). No significant interaction (joint effect) was observed between SES and race/ethnicity during this period.
conclusionLow SES was persistently related to poor mental health. Lower odds of symptoms of anxiety and depression among non-Hispanic Black young adults may reflect the 'mental health paradox'. Overall, mental health policies should prioritize lower SES young adults regardless of race and ethnicity.
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