Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38346436›Full record

GuidelineThe Lancet. Infectious diseases2024

Global guideline for the diagnosis and management of cryptococcosis: an initiative of the ECMM and ISHAM in cooperation with the ASM.

Christina C Chang, Thomas S Harrison, Tihana A Bicanic, Methee Chayakulkeeree, Tania C Sorrell, Adilia Warris, Ferry Hagen, Andrej Spec, Rita Oladele, Nelesh P Govender and 43 more

Erratum issuedAbstract readReviewPractice Guideline
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Guideline in The Lancet. Infectious diseases, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 218 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
218citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

218 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Trial
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Molecular types, clinical profile, and exploratory virulence-associated phenotypes of clinical Cryptococcus isolates from Amazonas, Brazil.Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology] · 2026
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Bilateral otomastoiditis caused byMedical mycology case reports · 2026
    Article
  11. Review
  12. Review
  13. Review
  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. Article
  17. Review
  18. Review
  19. Article
  20. Article

158 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

53 authors.

Christina C ChangDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Infectious Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, Durban, South Africa. Electronic address: christina.chang@monash.edu.
Thomas S HarrisonInstitute of Infection and Immunity, St George's University London, London, UK; Clinical Academic Group in Infection and Immunity, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Medical Research Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.
Tihana A BicanicInstitute of Infection and Immunity, St George's University London, London, UK; Clinical Academic Group in Infection and Immunity, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Medical Research Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.
Methee ChayakulkeereeDivision of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
Tania C SorrellSydney Infectious Diseases Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Infectious Diseases, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia.
Adilia WarrisMedical Research Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK; Department of Infectious Diseases, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK.
Ferry HagenFaculty of Science, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Department of Medical Mycology, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands; Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.
Andrej SpecDivision of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
Rita OladeleCollege of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria.
Nelesh P GovenderInstitute of Infection and Immunity, St George's University London, London, UK; Medical Research Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK; Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Division of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
Sharon C ChenSydney Infectious Diseases Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Infectious Diseases, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia; Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Laboratory Services, Institute for Clinical Pathology and Medical Research, New South Wales Health Pathology, Westmead, NSW, Australia.
Christopher H ModyDepartment of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
Andreas H GrollInfectious Disease Research Program, and Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University Children's Hospital, Münster, Germany; Center for Bone Marrow Transplantation, and Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University Children's Hospital, Münster, Germany.
Yee-Chun ChenDepartment of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan.
Michail S LionakisFungal Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology & Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy & Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Alexandre AlanioInstitut Pasteur, Centre National de Référence Mycoses Invasives et Antifongiques, Groupe de recherche Mycologie Translationnelle, Département de Mycologie, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France; Laboratoire de parasitologie-mycologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France.
Elizabeth CastañedaInstituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, Colombia.
Jairo LizarazoDepartment of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Erasmo Meoz, Faculty of Health, Univesidad de Pamplona, Cúcuta, Colombia.
José E VidalDepartmento de Neurologia, Instituto de Infectologia Emílio Ribas, São Paulo, Brazil; Departamento de Moléstias Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Takahiro TakazonoDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan.
Martin HoeniglDivision of Infectious Diseases, Translational Medical Mycology Research Unit, European Confederation of Medical Mycology Excellence Center for Medical Mycology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; BioTechMed, Graz, Austria.
Jan-Willem AlffenaarSydney Infectious Diseases Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Pharmacy, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia; School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Jean-Pierre GangneuxInstitute for Health, Environment and Work Research-Irset, Inserm UMR_S 1085, University of Rennes, Rennes, France; Laboratory for Parasitology and Mycology, Centre National de Référence Mycoses Invasives et Antifongiques LA Asp-C, University Hospital of Rennes, Rennes, France.
Rajeev SomanJupiter Hospital, Pune, India; Deenanath Mangeshkar Hospital, Pune, India; Hinduja Hospital, Mumbai, India.
Li-Ping ZhuDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai China.
Alexandro BonifazHospital General de México, Dermatology Service, Mycology section, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.
Joseph N JarvisDepartment of Clinical Research, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK; Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana.
Jeremy N DayDepartment of Clinical Microbiology and Infection, Royal Devon and Exeter University Hospital NHS Trust, Exeter, UK.
Nikolai KlimkoDepartment of Clinical Mycology, Allergy and Immunology, I Mechnikov North Western State Medical University, Staint Petersburg, Russia.
Jon Salmanton-GarcíaTranslational Research, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf and Excellence Center for Medical Mycology, Department I of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, German Centre for Infection Research, Cologne, Germany.
Grégory JouvionHistology and Pathology Unit, Ecole nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France; Dynamyc Team, Université Paris Est Créteil and Ecole nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort, Créteil, France.
David B MeyaInfectious Diseases Institute, School of Medicine, College of Heath Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
David LawrenceDepartment of Clinical Research, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK; Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana.
Sebastian RahnTranslational Research, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf and Excellence Center for Medical Mycology, Department I of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, German Centre for Infection Research, Cologne, Germany.
Felix BongominDepartment of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Gulu University, Gulu, Uganda.
Brendan J McMullanDiscipline of Paediatrics, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Infectious Diseases, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Rosanne SpruteTranslational Research, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf and Excellence Center for Medical Mycology, Department I of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, German Centre for Infection Research, Cologne, Germany.
Tinashe K NyazikaDepartment of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK.
Justin BeardsleySydney Infectious Diseases Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Infectious Diseases, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia.
Fabianne CarlessePediatric Department, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Oncology Pediatric Institute-IOP-GRAACC, Federal Univeristy of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Christopher H HeathDepartment of Microbiology, Fiona Stanley Hospital Network, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Perth, WA, Australia; Department of Infectious Diseases, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia; UWA Medical School, Internal Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.
Olusola O AyanlowoDermatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria.
Olga M MashediCentre for Respiratory Diseases Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya.
Flavio Queiroz-Telles FilhoDepartment of Public Health, Hospital de Clínicas, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.
Mina C HosseinipourDepartment of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; UNC Project Malawi, Lilongwe, Malawi.
Atul K PatelDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Sterling Hospitals, Ahmedabad, India.
Elvis TemfackAfrica Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Nina SinghDivision of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Oliver A CornelyTranslational Research, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf and Excellence Center for Medical Mycology, Department I of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, German Centre for Infection Research, Cologne, Germany; Clinical Trials Centre Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
David R BoulwareDivision of Infectious Diseases and International Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
Olivier LortholaryUniversité de Paris Cité, APHP, Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Centre d'Infectiologie Necker-Pasteur, Institut Imagine, Paris, France; Institut Pasteur, CNRS, Unité de Mycologie Moléculaire, Centre National de Référence Mycoses Invasives et Antifongiques, UMR 2000, Paris, France.
Peter G PappasMycoses Study Group Central Unit, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
John R PerfectDivision of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA. Electronic address: john.perfect@duke.edu.

Funding

Pathobiology of C. neoformans in the Central Nervous SystemR01AI073896 · NIAID · DUKE UNIVERSITY · PI PERFECT, JOHN R. · 2008 to 2018
$4.4M
Evolution of Cryptococcus neoformans Strains from Patients with HIV/AIDSR01AI093257 · NIAID · DUKE UNIVERSITY · PI PERFECT, JOHN R. · 2011 to 2022
$3.8M
SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION PATHWAYS REGULATING VIRULENCEP01AI044975 · NIAID · DUKE UNIVERSITY · PI PERFECT, JOHN R. · 1999 to 2003
$3.4M
Medical Research Council MC_PC_MR/P006922/1NIAID NIH HHS P01 AI044975NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI073896NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI093257
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Cryptococcosis is a major worldwide disseminated invasive fungal infection. Cryptococcosis, particularly in its most lethal manifestation of cryptococcal meningitis, accounts for substantial mortality and morbidity. The breadth of the clinical cryptococcosis syndromes, the different patient types at-risk and affected, and the vastly disparate resource settings where clinicians practice pose a complex array of challenges. Expert contributors from diverse regions of the world have collated data, reviewed the evidence, and provided insightful guideline recommendations for health practitioners across the globe. This guideline offers updated practical guidance and implementable recommendations on the clinical approaches, screening, diagnosis, management, and follow-up care of a patient with cryptococcosis and serves as a comprehensive synthesis of current evidence on cryptococcosis. This Review seeks to facilitate optimal clinical decision making on cryptococcosis and addresses the myriad of clinical complications by incorporating data from historical and contemporary clinical trials. This guideline is grounded on a set of core management principles, while acknowledging the practical challenges of antifungal access and resource limitations faced by many clinicians and patients. More than 70 societies internationally have endorsed the content, structure, evidence, recommendation, and pragmatic wisdom of this global cryptococcosis guideline to inform clinicians about the past, present, and future of care for a patient with cryptococcosis.

Indexed as

Antifungal AgentsCryptococcosisGlobal HealthHumansMeningitis, CryptococcalAntifungal Agents

Identifiers

PMID38346436
PMCPMC11526416

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.